VPNHotspot

Share your VPN connection over hotspot or repeater! (root required)

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openvpn

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OpenVPN is an open source VPN daemon

Streisand sets up a new server running your choice of WireGuard, OpenConnect, OpenSSH, OpenVPN, Shadowsocks, sslh, Stunnel, or a Tor bridge. It also generates custom instructions for all of these services. At the end of the run you are given an HTML file with instructions that can be shared with friends, family members, and fellow activists.

Quick Overview

VPNHotspot is an Android app that allows users to share their VPN connection via Wi-Fi hotspot or USB tethering. It enables devices without native VPN support to benefit from a VPN connection, and it works with various VPN protocols.

Pros

Enables sharing of VPN connection to devices without built-in VPN support
Supports both Wi-Fi hotspot and USB tethering methods
Works with multiple VPN protocols (OpenVPN, WireGuard, etc.)
Open-source project with active development and community support

Cons

Requires root access on the Android device
May not work on all Android devices due to hardware and software variations
Potential battery drain when used extensively
Might conflict with some device-specific network settings or manufacturer modifications

Getting Started

To use VPNHotspot:

Ensure your Android device is rooted.
Download the app from the GitHub releases page or Google Play Store.
Install the app and grant necessary permissions.
Connect to your VPN service.
Open VPNHotspot and configure your hotspot or tethering settings.
Enable the hotspot or tethering feature to share your VPN connection.

Note: Specific steps may vary depending on your Android device and VPN service. Always refer to the official documentation for the most up-to-date instructions.

Competitor Comparisons

shadowsocks-android

35,117

A shadowsocks client for Android

Pros of shadowsocks-android

More established project with a larger user base and community support
Offers a wider range of encryption methods and protocols
Includes features like route management and plugin system

Cons of shadowsocks-android

More complex setup and configuration process
Larger app size due to additional features
May consume more system resources

Code Comparison

VPNHotspot focuses on creating a Wi-Fi hotspot using Android's VPN API:

override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
    super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId)
    if (intent?.getBooleanExtra(EXTRA_ACTIVE, false) == true) startRunner() else stopRunner()
    return Service.START_STICKY
}

shadowsocks-android implements the Shadowsocks protocol for secure proxy connections:

override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
    if (BaseService.usingVpnMode) {
        if (prepare(this) != null) {
            startActivity(Intent(this, VpnRequestActivity::class.java)
                    .addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK))
        } else {
            startVpn()
        }
    }
    return Service.START_STICKY
}

Both projects use Kotlin and implement Android services, but their core functionalities differ significantly.

openvpn

10,821

OpenVPN is an open source VPN daemon

Pros of OpenVPN

Widely adopted and well-established VPN protocol
Extensive documentation and community support
Cross-platform compatibility (Windows, macOS, Linux, mobile)

Cons of OpenVPN

More complex setup and configuration process
Higher resource consumption compared to lightweight alternatives
Slower connection speeds due to encryption overhead

Code Comparison

OpenVPN (server configuration snippet):

port 1194
proto udp
dev tun
ca ca.crt
cert server.crt
key server.key
dh dh2048.pem

VPNHotspot (Android app code snippet):

override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
    super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId)
    if (intent?.getBooleanExtra(KEY_RESTART, false) == true) {
        stop()
        start()
    }
    return Service.START_STICKY
}

While OpenVPN is a full-fledged VPN protocol implementation, VPNHotspot is an Android app designed to share VPN connections via Wi-Fi hotspot or USB tethering. OpenVPN offers more flexibility and security features, but VPNHotspot provides a simpler solution for sharing VPN connections on Android devices. The code snippets highlight the difference in complexity and focus between the two projects.

android-app

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Official ProtonVPN Android app

Pros of android-app

Comprehensive VPN solution with a wide range of server locations
Robust security features, including strong encryption and no-logs policy
Regular updates and active development from a reputable VPN provider

Cons of android-app

Larger codebase and more complex setup compared to VPNHotspot
Requires a subscription for full functionality
May consume more system resources due to its extensive feature set

Code Comparison

VPNHotspot (MainActivity.kt):

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
    setSupportActionBar(findViewById(R.id.toolbar))
}

android-app (MainActivity.kt):

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
    setupToolbar()
    setupNavigation()
    setupViewModel()
}

The android-app code shows a more complex setup with additional method calls, reflecting its broader feature set compared to VPNHotspot's simpler implementation.

streisand

23,178

Pros of Streisand

Supports multiple VPN protocols (OpenVPN, WireGuard, etc.)
Automates server setup and configuration
Provides a comprehensive suite of privacy-enhancing tools

Cons of Streisand

More complex setup process
Requires a dedicated server or cloud instance
Less suitable for mobile devices or local network sharing

Code Comparison

Streisand (server setup):

./streisand

VPNHotspot (Android app initialization):

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
}

Summary

Streisand is a comprehensive solution for setting up VPN servers with various protocols and privacy tools, ideal for users seeking a full-featured privacy infrastructure. VPNHotspot, on the other hand, is an Android app focused on creating local VPN hotspots, making it more suitable for mobile users who want to share their VPN connection with other devices on the go. While Streisand offers more versatility in terms of VPN protocols and server-side features, VPNHotspot provides a simpler, more accessible solution for mobile users looking to extend their VPN protection to other devices on their local network.

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README

VPN Hotspot

(beta) SHA-256 fingerprint of the code transparency key certificate (must be compared with the developer's public key manually): C8 70 92 46 B3 32 22 6F 33 57 05 B4 5C 37 83 81 65 67 42 44 1B DC CC B2 96 1B 66 4D CF 4C 74 BC

Connecting things to your VPN made simple. Share your VPN connection over hotspot or repeater. (root required)

This app is useful for:

Connecting things that don't support VPN like Chromecasts behind corporate firewalls;
Setting up gapps behind corporate firewalls;
Connecting to your mobile hotspot but you're not bothered to set up VPN on your device;
Identifying, monitoring and blocking (unwanted) clients;
Bypassing tethering limits by:
- (recommended) Use this app with a real VPN/socksifier;
- Use this app with some adblock/DNS apps that uses system VPN service APIs, i.e. fake VPNs; (troubleshooting/a list of apps that work)
- Try your luck and simply use this app.

P.S. You can also do the similar on Windows, Mac, and iOS. I don't know about you but I can't get my stupid Windows 10 to work with hosted network now that they introduced this Mobile hotspot.

Features That Requires System App Installation

The following features in the app requires it to be installed under /system/priv-app since some restricted permissions are required. One way to do this is to use App systemizer for Magisk.

(Android 8-10, since app v2.4.0) android.permission.OVERRIDE_WIFI_CONFIG: Read/write system Wi-Fi hotspot configuration. (#117)

Installing as system app also has the side benefit of launching root daemon less frequently due to having privileged permissions listed below.

android.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS
android.permission.LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS
android.permission.MANAGE_USB
android.permission.OVERRIDE_WIFI_CONFIG
android.permission.READ_WIFI_CREDENTIAL
android.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED
android.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS

Whenever you install an app update, if there was a new protected permission addition (last updated in v2.17.1), you should update the app installed in system as well to make the system grant the privileged permission.

Settings and How to Use Them

Default settings are picked to suit general use cases and maximize compatibility but it might not be optimal for battery life.

Upstream

Upstream network interface: Main upstream regex used to reroute traffic. Leave blank for auto detect system VPN (allow/do not bypass this app to use VPN for it to work). Put none (or a^ or other similarly invalid entries) to suppress tethering VPN.
Fallback upstream: Fallback upstream is used when some VPN leave certain routes fallback to default network interface. Leave blank for auto detect. Put none (or a^ or other similarly invalid entries) to forbid falling back. Put other interface name if you feel like it.
IP Masquerade Mode:
- None: Nothing will be done to remap address/port from downstream. I find turning this option off sometimes works better for dummy VPNs like ad-blockers and socksifiers than Simple mode, e.g. Shadowsocks. But you should never use this for real VPNs like OpenVPN, etc.
- Simple: Source address/port from downstream packets will be remapped and that's about it.
- Android Netd Service: Let your system handle masquerade. Android system will do a few extra things to make things like FTP and tethering traffic counter work. You should probably not use this if you are trying to hide your tethering activity from your carrier.

Downstream

Disable IPv6 tethering: Turning this option on will disable IPv6 for system tethering. Useful for stopping IPv6 leaks as this app currently doesn't handle IPv6 VPN tethering (see #6).
Tethering hardware acceleration: This is a shortcut to the same setting in system Developer options. Turning this option off is probably a must for making VPN tethering over system tethering work, but it might also decrease your battery life while tethering is enabled.
Enable DHCP workaround: Only used if your device isn't able to get your clients IP addresses with VPN on. This is a global setting, meaning it will only be applied once globally.

Misc

Keep Wi-Fi alive: Acquire Wi-Fi locks when repeater, temporary hotspot or system VPN hotspot is activated.
- Choose "System default" (default since Android 10) to save battery life;
- (prior to Android 10) Choose "On" (default) if repeater/hotspot turns itself off automatically or stops working after a while;
- (prior to Android 10) Choose "High Performance Mode" to minimize packet loss and latency (will consume more power);
- (since Android 10) Choose "Disable power save" to decrease packet latency. An example use case is when a voice connection needs to be kept active even after the device screen goes off. Using this mode may improve the call quality. Requires support from the hardware. Deprecated in Android 14 and is automatically replaced with "Low latency mode". Deprecation is due to the impact of it on power dissipation. The "Low latency mode" provides much of the same desired functionality with less impact on power dissipation.
- (since Android 10) Choose "Low latency mode" to optimize for reduced packet latency, and this might result in:
  1. Reduced battery life.
  2. Reduced throughput.
  3. Reduced frequency of Wi-Fi scanning. This may cause the device not roaming or switching to the AP with highest signal quality, and location accuracy may be reduced. Example use cases are real time gaming or virtual reality applications where low latency is a key factor for user experience. Requires support from the hardware. Note: Requires this app running in foreground with screen on.
Start repeater on boot: Self explanatory.
Repeater safe mode: (Android 10, March 2020 security patch or newer) You might be required to turn this mode off if you want to use short SSID (at most 8 bytes long). Unsafe mode might not work for your device, and there is a small chance you will soft brick your device (recoverable). See #153 for more information.
Use system configuration for temporary hotspot: (Android 11 or newer) Attempt to start a temporary hotspot using system Wi-Fi hotspot configuration. This feature is most likely only functional on Android 12 or newer. Enabling this switch will also prevent other apps from using the local-only hotspot functionality.
Network status monitor mode: This option controls how the app monitors connected devices as well as interface changes (when custom upstream is used). Requires restarting the app to take effects. (best way is to go to app info and force stop)
- Netlink monitor: Use Linux netlink mechanism, most battery efficient but may not work with SELinux enforcing mode. Sometimes auto fallbacks to Netlink monitor with root and Poll.
- Netlink monitor with root: Same as above but runs netlink as root. This option works well with SELinux enforcing mode but might still be bugged on devices heavily modified by OEM and/or carriers. Sometimes auto fallbacks to Poll.
- Poll: (default) Update network information manually every second. Least battery efficient but it should work on most devices. Recommended to switch to other modes if possible.
- Poll with root: Same as Poll but polling is done using a root shell.

Q & A

Search the issue tracker for more.

What changes exactly can this app do to my system? (and how to revert them)

No root?

Failed to create group due to internal error/repeater shuts down after a while?

This could caused by the Wi-Fi channel you selected is no longer available, due to:

Your device doesn't support operating on this channel, or
There is some nearby Wi-Fi direct device that broadcasted that it can't operate on the channel you picked.

For maximum stability, you need to set channel = 0 so that your device will pick a channel automatically. You can also use WPS to connect your 2.4GHz-only device to force the repeater to switch from 5GHz to 2.4GHz for this time.

Private APIs used / Assumptions for Android customizations

a.k.a. things that can go wrong if this app doesn't work.

This is a list of stuff that might impact this app's functionality if unavailable. This is only meant to be an index. You can read more in the source code. API restrictions are updated up to SHA-256 checksum 7aa0987aea4b25f5371b7e377c9f37375ada3b7e30465c0e2d910a5b646c10c1.

Greylisted/blacklisted APIs or internal constants: (some constants are hardcoded or implicitly used)

(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->getLastTetherError(Ljava/lang/String;)I,max-target-r
(since API 30) Landroid/net/ConnectivityModuleConnector;->IN_PROCESS_SUFFIX:Ljava/lang/String;
(since API 29, prior to API 33) Landroid/net/INetd$Stub;->asInterface(Landroid/os/IBinder;)Landroid/net/INetd;
(since API 29, prior to API 33) Landroid/net/INetd;->firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules([I)V
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringEventCallback;->onTetherableInterfaceRegexpsChanged(Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringInterfaceRegexps;)V,blocked
(since API 31) Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringEventCallback;->onSupportedTetheringTypes(Ljava/util/Set;)V,blocked
(since API 33) Landroid/net/connectivity/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants;->IIF_MATCH:J,blocked
(since API 33) Landroid/net/connectivity/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants;->LOCKDOWN_VPN_MATCH:J,blocked
(since API 33) Landroid/net/connectivity/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants;->UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH:Ljava/lang/String;,blocked
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApCapability;->getCountryCode()Ljava/lang/String;,blocked
(since API 33) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setRandomizedMacAddress(Landroid/net/MacAddress;)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,blocked
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->BAND_TYPES:[I,blocked
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApInfo;->getApInstanceIdentifier()Ljava/lang/String;,blocked
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiClient;->getApInstanceIdentifier()Ljava/lang/String;,blocked
(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiConfiguration$KeyMgmt;->FT_PSK:I,lo-prio,max-target-o
(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiConfiguration$KeyMgmt;->WPA_PSK_SHA256:I,blocked
(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiConfiguration;->AP_BAND_2GHZ:I,lo-prio,max-target-o
(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiConfiguration;->AP_BAND_5GHZ:I,lo-prio,max-target-o
(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiConfiguration;->AP_BAND_ANY:I,lo-prio,max-target-o
(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiConfiguration;->apBand:I,unsupported
(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiConfiguration;->apChannel:I,unsupported
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiContext;->ACTION_RESOURCES_APK:Ljava/lang/String;,blocked
(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager$SoftApCallback;->onNumClientsChanged(I)V,greylist-max-o
Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->cancelLocalOnlyHotspotRequest()V,unsupported
Landroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pConfig$Builder;->MAC_ANY_ADDRESS:Landroid/net/MacAddress;,blocked
(since API 29) Landroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pConfig$Builder;->mNetworkName:Ljava/lang/String;,blocked
Landroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pManager;->startWps(Landroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pManager$Channel;Landroid/net/wifi/WpsInfo;Landroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pManager$ActionListener;)V,unsupported
(prior to API 30) Landroid/provider/Settings$Global;->SOFT_AP_TIMEOUT_ENABLED:Ljava/lang/String;,lo-prio,max-target-o
(on API 34) Landroid/service/quicksettings/TileService;->mToken:Landroid/os/IBinder;,lo-prio,max-target-o
(prior to API 30) Lcom/android/internal/R$array;->config_tether_bluetooth_regexs:I,max-target-q
(prior to API 30) Lcom/android/internal/R$array;->config_tether_usb_regexs:I,max-target-q
(prior to API 30) Lcom/android/internal/R$array;->config_tether_wifi_regexs:I,max-target-q
(on API 29) Lcom/android/internal/R$bool;->config_wifi_p2p_mac_randomization_supported:I,blacklist
(prior to API 30) Lcom/android/internal/R$integer;->config_wifi_framework_soft_ap_timeout_delay:I,greylist-max-o
Lcom/android/internal/R$string;->config_ethernet_iface_regex:I,lo-prio,max-target-o
(since API 29) Lcom/android/server/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pServiceImpl;->ANONYMIZED_DEVICE_ADDRESS:Ljava/lang/String;
(since API 30) Lcom/android/server/SystemServer;->TETHERING_CONNECTOR_CLASS:Ljava/lang/String;
(since API 33) Ldalvik/system/BaseDexClassLoader;->pathList:Ldalvik/system/DexPathList;,unsupported
(since API 33) Ldalvik/system/DexPathList;->nativeLibraryDirectories:Ljava/util/List;,unsupported
(prior to API 33) Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandles$Lookup;-><init>(Ljava/lang/Class;I)V,unsupported
(prior to API 33) Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandles$Lookup;->ALL_MODES:I,lo-prio,max-target-o
(prior to API 29) Ljava/net/InetAddress;->parseNumericAddress(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/net/InetAddress;,core-platform-api,max-target-p

Hidden whitelisted APIs: (same catch as above, however, things in this list are less likely to be broken)

Landroid/bluetooth/BluetoothPan;->isTetheringOn()Z,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/bluetooth/BluetoothProfile;->PAN:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/content/Context;->TETHERING_SERVICE:Ljava/lang/String;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$OnStartTetheringCallback;-><init>()V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$OnStartTetheringCallback;->onTetheringFailed()V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager$OnStartTetheringCallback;->onTetheringStarted()V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->startTethering(IZLandroid/net/ConnectivityManager$OnStartTetheringCallback;Landroid/os/Handler;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/ConnectivityManager;->stopTethering(I)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/LinkAddress;->getDeprecationTime()J,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/LinkAddress;->getExpirationTime()J,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->getAllInterfaceNames()Ljava/util/List;,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/LinkProperties;->getAllRoutes()Ljava/util/List;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheredClient$AddressInfo;->getAddress()Landroid/net/LinkAddress;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheredClient$AddressInfo;->getHostname()Ljava/lang/String;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheredClient;->getAddresses()Ljava/util/List;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheredClient;->getMacAddress()Landroid/net/MacAddress;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheredClient;->getTetheringType()I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager$StartTetheringCallback;->onTetheringFailed(I)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager$StartTetheringCallback;->onTetheringStarted()V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringEventCallback;->onClientsChanged(Ljava/util/Collection;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringEventCallback;->onError(Ljava/lang/String;I)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringEventCallback;->onOffloadStatusChanged(I)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringEventCallback;->onTetherableInterfacesChanged(Ljava/util/List;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringEventCallback;->onTetheredInterfacesChanged(Ljava/util/List;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringEventCallback;->onTetheringSupported(Z)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringEventCallback;->onUpstreamChanged(Landroid/net/Network;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringRequest$Builder;-><init>(I)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringRequest$Builder;->build()Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringRequest;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringRequest$Builder;->setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(Z)Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringRequest$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringRequest$Builder;->setShouldShowEntitlementUi(Z)Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringRequest$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED:Ljava/lang/String;,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY:Ljava/lang/String;,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER:Ljava/lang/String;,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER:Ljava/lang/String;,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->TETHERING_BLUETOOTH:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->TETHERING_ETHERNET:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->TETHERING_NCM:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->TETHERING_USB:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->TETHERING_WIFI:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->TETHERING_WIFI_P2P:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->TETHERING_WIGIG:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->TETHER_ERROR_*:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->registerTetheringEventCallback(Ljava/util/concurrent/Executor;Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringEventCallback;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->startTethering(Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringRequest;Ljava/util/concurrent/Executor;Landroid/net/TetheringManager$StartTetheringCallback;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->stopTethering(I)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/TetheringManager;->unregisterTetheringEventCallback(Landroid/net/TetheringManager$TetheringEventCallback;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApCapability;->SOFTAP_FEATURE_BAND_24G_SUPPORTED:J,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApCapability;->SOFTAP_FEATURE_BAND_5G_SUPPORTED:J,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApCapability;->SOFTAP_FEATURE_BAND_60G_SUPPORTED:J,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApCapability;->SOFTAP_FEATURE_BAND_6G_SUPPORTED:J,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApCapability;->SOFTAP_FEATURE_*:J,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApCapability;->areFeaturesSupported(J)Z,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApCapability;->getMaxSupportedClients()I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApCapability;->getSupportedChannelList(I)[I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;-><init>()V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;-><init>(Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->build()Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 33) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setAllowedAcsChannels(I[I)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setAllowedClientList(Ljava/util/List;)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setAutoShutdownEnabled(Z)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(on API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setBand(I)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setBlockedClientList(Ljava/util/List;)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setBridgedModeOpportunisticShutdownEnabled(Z)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 33) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setBridgedModeOpportunisticShutdownTimeoutMillis(J)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setBssid(Landroid/net/MacAddress;)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(on API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setChannel(II)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setChannels(Landroid/util/SparseIntArray;)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setClientControlByUserEnabled(Z)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setHiddenSsid(Z)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setIeee80211axEnabled(Z)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 33) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setIeee80211beEnabled(Z)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setMacRandomizationSetting(I)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 33) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setMaxChannelBandwidth(I)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setMaxNumberOfClients(I)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setPassphrase(Ljava/lang/String;I)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setShutdownTimeoutMillis(J)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30, prior to API 33) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setSsid(Ljava/lang/String;)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 33) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setVendorElements(Ljava/util/List;)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 33) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;->setWifiSsid(Landroid/net/wifi/WifiSsid;)Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration$Builder;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->BAND_2GHZ:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->BAND_5GHZ:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->BAND_60GHZ:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->BAND_6GHZ:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->BAND_*:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 33) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:J,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->RANDOMIZATION_NONE:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->RANDOMIZATION_NON_PERSISTENT:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->RANDOMIZATION_PERSISTENT:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 33) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->getAllowedAcsChannels(I)[I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->getAllowedClientList()Ljava/util/List;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->getBand()I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->getBlockedClientList()Ljava/util/List;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 33) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->getBridgedModeOpportunisticShutdownTimeoutMillis()J,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->getChannel()I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->getChannels()Landroid/util/SparseIntArray;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->getMacRandomizationSetting()I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 33) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->getMaxChannelBandwidth()I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->getMaxNumberOfClients()I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 33) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->getPersistentRandomizedMacAddress()Landroid/net/MacAddress;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->getShutdownTimeoutMillis()J,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 33) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->getVendorElements()Ljava/util/List;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->isAutoShutdownEnabled()Z,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->isBridgedModeOpportunisticShutdownEnabled()Z,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->isClientControlByUserEnabled()Z,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->isIeee80211axEnabled()Z,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 33) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->isIeee80211beEnabled()Z,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;->isUserConfiguration()Z,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApInfo;->CHANNEL_WIDTH_*:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 33) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApInfo;->CHANNEL_WIDTH_AUTO:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(on API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApInfo;->CHANNEL_WIDTH_INVALID:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApInfo;->getAutoShutdownTimeoutMillis()J,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApInfo;->getBandwidth()I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApInfo;->getBssid()Landroid/net/MacAddress;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApInfo;->getFrequency()I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApInfo;->getWifiStandard()I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiClient;->getMacAddress()Landroid/net/MacAddress;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiConfiguration$KeyMgmt;->WPA2_PSK:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager$SoftApCallback;->onBlockedClientConnecting(Landroid/net/wifi/WifiClient;I)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager$SoftApCallback;->onCapabilityChanged(Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApCapability;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager$SoftApCallback;->onConnectedClientsChanged(Ljava/util/List;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(on API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager$SoftApCallback;->onInfoChanged(Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApInfo;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 31) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager$SoftApCallback;->onInfoChanged(Ljava/util/List;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager$SoftApCallback;->onStateChanged(II)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->EXTRA_WIFI_AP_FAILURE_REASON:Ljava/lang/String;,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->EXTRA_WIFI_AP_INTERFACE_NAME:Ljava/lang/String;,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->EXTRA_WIFI_AP_STATE:Ljava/lang/String;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->SAP_CLIENT_BLOCK_REASON_CODE_*:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->SAP_START_FAILURE_*:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->WIFI_AP_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION:Ljava/lang/String;,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLED:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->WIFI_AP_STATE_DISABLING:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLED:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->WIFI_AP_STATE_ENABLING:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->WIFI_AP_STATE_FAILED:I,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->getSoftApConfiguration()Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->getWifiApConfiguration()Landroid/net/wifi/WifiConfiguration;,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->isApMacRandomizationSupported()Z,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->registerSoftApCallback(Ljava/util/concurrent/Executor;Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager$SoftApCallback;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->setSoftApConfiguration(Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;)Z,sdk,system-api,test-api
(prior to API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->setWifiApConfiguration(Landroid/net/wifi/WifiConfiguration;)Z,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 30) Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->startLocalOnlyHotspot(Landroid/net/wifi/SoftApConfiguration;Ljava/util/concurrent/Executor;Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager$LocalOnlyHotspotCallback;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager;->unregisterSoftApCallback(Landroid/net/wifi/WifiManager$SoftApCallback;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pGroupList;->getGroupList()Ljava/util/List;,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pManager$PersistentGroupInfoListener;->onPersistentGroupInfoAvailable(Landroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pGroupList;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pManager;->deletePersistentGroup(Landroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pManager$Channel;ILandroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pManager$ActionListener;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pManager;->requestPersistentGroupInfo(Landroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pManager$Channel;Landroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pManager$PersistentGroupInfoListener;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pManager;->setWifiP2pChannels(Landroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pManager$Channel;IILandroid/net/wifi/p2p/WifiP2pManager$ActionListener;)V,sdk,system-api,test-api
(on API 30) Landroid/os/SystemProperties;->getBoolean(Ljava/lang/String;Z)Z,sdk,system-api,test-api
(since API 29, prior to API 31) Landroid/os/SystemProperties;->getLong(Ljava/lang/String;J)J,sdk,system-api,test-api
Landroid/provider/Settings$Global;->TETHER_OFFLOAD_DISABLED:Ljava/lang/String;,sdk,system-api,test-api

Nonexported system resources:

(since API 30) @com.android.networkstack.tethering:array/config_tether_bluetooth_regexs
(since API 30) @com.android.networkstack.tethering:array/config_tether_ncm_regexs
(since API 30) @com.android.networkstack.tethering:array/config_tether_usb_regexs
(since API 30) @com.android.networkstack.tethering:array/config_tether_wifi_p2p_regexs
(since API 30) @com.android.networkstack.tethering:array/config_tether_wifi_regexs
(since API 30) @com.android.networkstack.tethering:array/config_tether_wigig_regexs
(since API 30) @com.android.wifi.resources:bool/config_wifi_p2p_mac_randomization_supported
(since API 31) @com.android.wifi.resources:integer/config_wifiFrameworkSoftApShutDownIdleInstanceInBridgedModeTimeoutMillisecond
(since API 30) @com.android.wifi.resources:integer/config_wifiFrameworkSoftApShutDownTimeoutMilliseconds

Other:

Activity com.android.settings/.Settings$TetherSettingsActivity is assumed to be exported.
(since API 29) Requires /apex/com.android.tethering/javalib/service-connectivity.jar.
(since API 30) Relevant classes in the tethering APEX have these optional prefixes: android.net.connectivity or com.android.connectivity.
(since API 33) mUidOwnerMap is located at /sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared/map_netd_uid_owner_map and is consistent with AOSP usages.

For ip rule priorities, RULE_PRIORITY_SECURE_VPN and RULE_PRIORITY_TETHERING is assumed to be 12000 (or higher) and 18000 respectively; DHCP server like dnsmasq is assumed to run and send DHCP packets as root.

Undocumented system binaries are all bundled and executable:

iptables-save, ip6tables-save;
echo;
/system/bin/ip (address link monitor neigh rule unreachable);
ndc (ipfwd nat network);
iptables, ip6tables (with correct version corresponding to API level, -nvx -L <chain>);
sh;
su.

Wi-Fi driver wpa_supplicant:

P2P configuration file is assumed to be saved to /data/vendor/wifi/wpa/p2p_supplicant.conf or /data/misc/wifi/p2p_supplicant.conf and have reasonable format;
Android system is expected to restart wpa_supplicant after it terminates.

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