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Pyramid - A Python web framework

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Quick Overview

Pyramid is a lightweight, flexible, and extensible web framework for Python. It emphasizes modularity and minimalism, allowing developers to build web applications and services with only the components they need. Pyramid is designed to scale from small to large applications without compromising performance or maintainability.

Pros

  • Highly flexible and adaptable to various project sizes and requirements
  • Excellent documentation and comprehensive learning resources
  • Strong emphasis on testing and test coverage
  • Supports multiple templating engines and database backends

Cons

  • Steeper learning curve compared to some other Python web frameworks
  • Smaller community and ecosystem compared to more popular frameworks like Django
  • Less opinionated, which may lead to decision fatigue for beginners
  • Fewer built-in features out of the box, requiring more initial configuration

Code Examples

  1. Creating a simple "Hello, World!" application:
from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
from pyramid.config import Configurator
from pyramid.response import Response

def hello_world(request):
    return Response('Hello, World!')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with Configurator() as config:
        config.add_route('hello', '/')
        config.add_view(hello_world, route_name='hello')
        app = config.make_wsgi_app()
    
    server = make_server('0.0.0.0', 6543, app)
    server.serve_forever()
  1. Defining a view with a Jinja2 template:
from pyramid.view import view_config

@view_config(route_name='home', renderer='templates/home.jinja2')
def home_view(request):
    return {'name': 'John Doe'}
  1. Adding a SQLAlchemy model:
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, Text
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

Base = declarative_base()

class MyModel(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'models'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(Text, unique=True)
    value = Column(Integer)

Getting Started

To get started with Pyramid, follow these steps:

  1. Install Pyramid:

    pip install pyramid
    
  2. Create a new Pyramid project using the cookiecutter template:

    cookiecutter gh:Pylons/pyramid-cookiecutter-starter
    
  3. Navigate to your project directory and install dependencies:

    cd myproject
    pip install -e ".[testing]"
    
  4. Run the development server:

    pserve development.ini --reload
    

Your Pyramid application is now running at http://localhost:6543. You can start building your web application by adding routes, views, and templates to the project structure.

Competitor Comparisons

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Pros of Django

  • More comprehensive "batteries included" approach, providing a full-stack framework out of the box
  • Larger community and ecosystem, with more third-party packages and resources available
  • Built-in admin interface for quick and easy content management

Cons of Django

  • Less flexible and modular compared to Pyramid's component architecture
  • Steeper learning curve for beginners due to its opinionated nature and larger codebase
  • Can be overkill for smaller projects or microservices

Code Comparison

Django:

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
    path('detail/<int:id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
]

Pyramid:

from pyramid.config import Configurator

def main(global_config, **settings):
    config = Configurator(settings=settings)
    config.add_route('index', '/')
    config.add_route('detail', '/detail/{id}')
    return config.make_wsgi_app()

This comparison highlights the different approaches to URL routing in Django and Pyramid. Django uses a more declarative style with a separate urls.py file, while Pyramid configures routes within the main application setup.

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Pros of Flask

  • Lightweight and minimalist, making it easy to get started quickly
  • Highly flexible and customizable, allowing developers to choose their preferred tools and libraries
  • Large ecosystem of extensions for added functionality

Cons of Flask

  • Less built-in functionality, requiring more manual setup for larger projects
  • Lack of built-in async support (though extensions are available)
  • Less opinionated structure, which may lead to inconsistencies in larger projects

Code Comparison

Flask:

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello():
    return 'Hello, World!'

Pyramid:

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
from pyramid.config import Configurator
from pyramid.response import Response

def hello(request):
    return Response('Hello, World!')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with Configurator() as config:
        config.add_route('hello', '/')
        config.add_view(hello, route_name='hello')
        app = config.make_wsgi_app()
    server = make_server('0.0.0.0', 6543, app)
    server.serve_forever()

Both Flask and Pyramid are popular Python web frameworks, but Flask focuses on simplicity and flexibility, while Pyramid provides more built-in features and structure for larger applications.

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Pros of web2py

  • Simpler learning curve and faster development for beginners
  • Built-in admin interface for database management
  • No installation required; can run directly from a USB drive

Cons of web2py

  • Less flexibility and customization options compared to Pyramid
  • Smaller community and ecosystem
  • Not as well-suited for large, complex applications

Code Comparison

web2py:

def index():
    form = SQLFORM(db.person)
    if form.process().accepted:
        response.flash = 'form accepted'
    return dict(form=form)

Pyramid:

@view_config(route_name='home', renderer='templates/home.pt')
def home(request):
    form = PersonForm(request.POST)
    if request.method == 'POST' and form.validate():
        # Process form data
    return {'form': form}

Both frameworks offer different approaches to handling forms and routing. web2py uses a more compact syntax, while Pyramid provides more explicit configuration and separation of concerns. The choice between them depends on project requirements, team expertise, and desired level of control over the application structure.

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Pros of Starlette

  • Lightweight and fast, with excellent performance benchmarks
  • Built-in support for WebSocket and GraphQL
  • Easy to use with minimal boilerplate code

Cons of Starlette

  • Less mature ecosystem compared to Pyramid
  • Fewer built-in features, requiring more third-party packages for complex applications
  • Limited documentation and community resources

Code Comparison

Starlette:

from starlette.applications import Starlette
from starlette.responses import JSONResponse
from starlette.routing import Route

async def homepage(request):
    return JSONResponse({"message": "Hello, World!"})

app = Starlette(routes=[Route("/", homepage)])

Pyramid:

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
from pyramid.config import Configurator
from pyramid.response import Response

def hello_world(request):
    return Response('Hello, World!')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with Configurator() as config:
        config.add_route('hello', '/')
        config.add_view(hello_world, route_name='hello')
        app = config.make_wsgi_app()
    server = make_server('0.0.0.0', 6543, app)
    server.serve_forever()
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Pros of FastAPI

  • Faster development with automatic API documentation
  • Built-in support for async/await and type hints
  • High performance due to Starlette and Pydantic

Cons of FastAPI

  • Smaller ecosystem and community compared to Pyramid
  • Less flexibility for complex applications
  • Steeper learning curve for developers new to modern Python features

Code Comparison

FastAPI:

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()

@app.get("/")
async def root():
    return {"message": "Hello World"}

Pyramid:

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
from pyramid.config import Configurator
from pyramid.response import Response

def hello_world(request):
    return Response('Hello World!')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with Configurator() as config:
        config.add_route('hello', '/')
        config.add_view(hello_world, route_name='hello')
        app = config.make_wsgi_app()
    server = make_server('0.0.0.0', 6543, app)
    server.serve_forever()

FastAPI offers a more concise syntax and built-in async support, while Pyramid provides a more traditional approach with explicit configuration. FastAPI's code is shorter and more intuitive for simple use cases, but Pyramid offers more flexibility for complex applications.

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README

Pyramid

.. image:: https://github.com/Pylons/Pyramid/workflows/Build%20and%20test/badge.svg?branch=main :target: https://github.com/Pylons/Pyramid/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Build+and+test%22 :alt: main CI Status

.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/pyramid/badge/?version=main :target: https://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/main :alt: main Documentation Status

.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/IRC-Libera.Chat-blue.svg :target: https://web.libera.chat/#pyramid :alt: IRC Libera.Chat

Pyramid is a small, fast, down-to-earth, open source Python web framework. It makes real-world web application development and deployment more fun, more predictable, and more productive. Try Pyramid <https://trypyramid.com/>_, browse its add-ons and documentation, and get an overview.

.. code-block:: python

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
from pyramid.config import Configurator
from pyramid.response import Response

def hello_world(request):
    return Response('Hello World!')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with Configurator() as config:
        config.add_route('hello', '/')
        config.add_view(hello_world, route_name='hello')
        app = config.make_wsgi_app()
    server = make_server('0.0.0.0', 6543, app)
    server.serve_forever()

Pyramid is a project of the Pylons Project <https://pylonsproject.org>_.

Support and Documentation

See Pyramid Support and Development <https://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/latest/#support-and-development>_ for documentation, reporting bugs, and getting support.

Developing and Contributing

See HACKING.txt <https://github.com/Pylons/pyramid/blob/main/HACKING.txt>_ and contributing.md <https://github.com/Pylons/pyramid/blob/main/contributing.md>_ for guidelines on running tests, adding features, coding style, and updating documentation when developing in or contributing to Pyramid.

License

Pyramid is offered under the BSD-derived Repoze Public License <http://repoze.org/license.html>_.

Authors

Pyramid is made available by Agendaless Consulting <https://agendaless.com>_ and a team of contributors <https://github.com/Pylons/pyramid/graphs/contributors>_.