ArduinoCore-avr is the core Arduino library for AVR-based boards, including the popular Arduino Uno and Mega. It provides the fundamental software components and hardware abstraction layer necessary for programming AVR microcontrollers using the Arduino IDE and ecosystem.

Pros

• Extensive support for a wide range of AVR-based Arduino boards
• Well-documented and maintained by the official Arduino team
• Large community support and numerous compatible libraries
• Optimized for performance on AVR architecture

Cons

• Limited to AVR-based boards, not suitable for newer ARM-based Arduinos
• Some advanced features may require direct AVR programming knowledge
• Performance limitations compared to more modern microcontrollers
• Gradual shift in Arduino ecosystem towards ARM-based boards may reduce future support

Code Examples

1. Blinking an LED:

void setup() {
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
  delay(1000);
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
  delay(1000);
}

2. Reading an analog sensor:

const int sensorPin = A0;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  int sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);
  Serial.println(sensorValue);
  delay(100);
}

3. Using interrupts:

const int buttonPin = 2;
volatile int buttonState = 0;

void setup() {
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(buttonPin), buttonPressed, FALLING);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
  if (buttonState) {
    Serial.println("Button pressed!");
    buttonState = 0;
  }
}

void buttonPressed() {
  buttonState = 1;
}

Getting Started

1. Install the Arduino IDE from the official website.
2. Connect your AVR-based Arduino board to your computer.
3. Open the Arduino IDE and select your board type from Tools > Board.
4. Select the appropriate port from Tools > Port.
5. Write your code or open an example sketch.
6. Click the "Upload" button to compile and upload the code to your board.

For more detailed instructions and advanced usage, refer to the official Arduino documentation and the ArduinoCore-avr GitHub repository.