Pros of esp-idf

• More comprehensive and lower-level control over ESP32 hardware
• Extensive documentation and official support from Espressif
• Larger community and ecosystem of libraries and tools

Cons of esp-idf

• Steeper learning curve for beginners
• Requires more manual configuration and setup
• Less abstraction, potentially leading to more complex code for simple tasks

Code Comparison

mongoose-os:

mgos_gpio_set_mode(LED_PIN, MGOS_GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT);
mgos_gpio_write(LED_PIN, true);
mgos_msleep(1000);
mgos_gpio_write(LED_PIN, false);

esp-idf:

gpio_pad_select_gpio(LED_PIN);
gpio_set_direction(LED_PIN, GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT);
gpio_set_level(LED_PIN, 1);
vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
gpio_set_level(LED_PIN, 0);

Summary

esp-idf offers more control and extensive support but requires more expertise. mongoose-os provides a simpler, more abstracted approach, making it easier for beginners but potentially limiting advanced customization. The choice between them depends on project requirements and developer experience.

Pros of MicroPython

• Wider community support and more extensive documentation
• Supports a broader range of microcontrollers and development boards
• More lightweight and requires less resources to run

Cons of MicroPython

• Less integrated IoT and cloud connectivity features
• Fewer built-in libraries for advanced networking and security

Code Comparison

MicroPython:

import machine
import time

led = machine.Pin(2, machine.Pin.OUT)
while True:
    led.value(not led.value())
    time.sleep(1)

Mongoose OS:

load('api_gpio.js');
load('api_timer.js');

let led = GPIO.setup(2, GPIO.MODE_OUTPUT);
Timer.set(1000, true, function() {
  GPIO.toggle(led);
}, null);

Summary

MicroPython offers a more Python-like experience and broader hardware support, making it ideal for educational purposes and rapid prototyping. Mongoose OS, on the other hand, provides a more integrated IoT development experience with built-in cloud connectivity and security features. The choice between the two depends on the specific project requirements and the developer's familiarity with Python or JavaScript.

Pros of NodeMCU Firmware

• Lightweight and efficient, ideal for resource-constrained devices
• Large community support and extensive documentation
• Built-in Lua interpreter for easy scripting and rapid prototyping

Cons of NodeMCU Firmware

• Limited support for advanced networking protocols
• Less frequent updates and maintenance compared to Mongoose OS
• Fewer built-in libraries and modules for complex IoT applications

Code Comparison

NodeMCU Firmware (Lua):

wifi.setmode(wifi.STATION)
wifi.sta.config({ssid="MyNetwork", pwd="password"})
mqtt = require("mqtt")
m = mqtt.Client("clientid", 120)
m:connect("broker.example.com", 1883, 0)

Mongoose OS (JavaScript):

load('api_wifi.js');
load('api_mqtt.js');
WiFi.setup({ssid: 'MyNetwork', pass: 'password'});
MQTT.connect('mqtt://broker.example.com:1883', {client_id: 'clientid'});

Both frameworks provide easy-to-use APIs for common IoT tasks like WiFi configuration and MQTT communication. Mongoose OS offers a more JavaScript-centric approach, while NodeMCU Firmware uses Lua for scripting. Mongoose OS generally provides more abstraction and built-in functionality, while NodeMCU Firmware offers a more lightweight and customizable experience.

Pros of PlatformIO Core

• Supports a wider range of platforms and frameworks
• More extensive library management system
• Larger community and ecosystem

Cons of PlatformIO Core

• Steeper learning curve for beginners
• Can be resource-intensive for larger projects
• Less focus on IoT-specific features

Code Comparison

PlatformIO Core (platformio.ini):

[env:nodemcuv2]
platform = espressif8266
board = nodemcuv2
framework = arduino

Mongoose OS (mos.yml):

author: mongoose-os
description: A Mongoose OS app
version: 1.0
libs:
  - origin: https://github.com/mongoose-os-libs/mjs

The code snippets show the configuration files for each project. PlatformIO uses an INI-style format, while Mongoose OS uses YAML. PlatformIO's configuration focuses on specifying the platform, board, and framework, while Mongoose OS includes metadata and library dependencies.

PlatformIO Core offers more flexibility and supports a broader range of development scenarios, making it suitable for various embedded projects. Mongoose OS, on the other hand, is more specialized for IoT applications and provides a simpler setup process for supported devices.

Pros of device-os

• More comprehensive ecosystem with integrated cloud services and hardware support
• Larger community and better documentation for beginners
• Built-in support for over-the-air (OTA) updates

Cons of device-os

• Less flexible for custom hardware configurations
• More resource-intensive, potentially limiting for some low-power applications
• Steeper learning curve for developers familiar with traditional embedded systems

Code Comparison

device-os:

SYSTEM_MODE(AUTOMATIC);

void setup() {
  pinMode(D7, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(D7, HIGH);
  delay(1000);
  digitalWrite(D7, LOW);
  delay(1000);
}

mongoose-os:

#include "mgos.h"

static void blink_timer_cb(void *arg) {
  static bool s_tick_tock = false;
  mgos_gpio_write(mgos_sys_config_get_pins_led(), s_tick_tock);
  s_tick_tock = !s_tick_tock;
  (void) arg;
}

enum mgos_app_init_result mgos_app_init(void) {
  mgos_set_timer(1000, MGOS_TIMER_REPEAT, blink_timer_cb, NULL);
  return MGOS_APP_INIT_SUCCESS;
}

Both examples demonstrate a simple LED blinking application, showcasing the different approaches and syntax used in each framework.

Pros of JerryScript

• Lightweight and efficient JavaScript engine for resource-constrained devices
• Supports a wide range of embedded platforms and architectures
• Highly modular design allows for easy customization and integration

Cons of JerryScript

• Limited built-in IoT and networking capabilities
• Requires more manual configuration and setup for IoT projects
• Smaller ecosystem and community compared to Mongoose OS

Code Comparison

JerryScript example:

#include "jerryscript.h"

int main (void)
{
  const jerry_char_t script[] = "print('Hello, World!');";
  jerry_init (JERRY_INIT_EMPTY);
  jerry_eval (script, sizeof (script) - 1, JERRY_PARSE_NO_OPTS);
  jerry_cleanup ();
  return 0;
}

Mongoose OS example:

load('api_gpio.js');
load('api_timer.js');

let led = Cfg.get('pins.led');
GPIO.set_mode(led, GPIO.MODE_OUTPUT);

Timer.set(1000, true, function() {
  GPIO.toggle(led);
}, null);

The code examples highlight the differences in approach: JerryScript focuses on running JavaScript in a C environment, while Mongoose OS provides a more IoT-centric JavaScript API with built-in modules for common tasks like GPIO control and timers.