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NOTE: use Picturefill instead. An Experiment with Mobile-First Images that Scale Responsively & Responsibly

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Quick Overview

Responsive-Images is a GitHub repository by Filament Group that provides a solution for serving responsive images on the web. It offers a JavaScript and markup pattern to deliver optimized, contextual image sizes for different devices and screen resolutions, improving performance and user experience.

Pros

  • Improves page load times by serving appropriately sized images
  • Enhances user experience across various devices and screen sizes
  • Supports both modern and legacy browsers
  • Integrates well with existing web development workflows

Cons

  • Requires additional markup and JavaScript, which can increase complexity
  • May not be necessary for simple websites with few images
  • Requires server-side support for generating multiple image sizes
  • Could potentially increase storage requirements due to multiple image versions

Code Examples

  1. Basic HTML markup for responsive images:
<img src="small.jpg"
     data-src="small.jpg"
     data-src-medium="medium.jpg"
     data-src-large="large.jpg"
     alt="Responsive Image">
  1. JavaScript initialization:
$( document ).ready(function() {
    $( "img" ).responsiveImages();
});
  1. Custom breakpoints configuration:
$( "img" ).responsiveImages({
    breakpoints: {
        small: 320,
        medium: 640,
        large: 1024
    }
});

Getting Started

  1. Include the responsive-images.js file in your HTML:
<script src="path/to/responsive-images.js"></script>
  1. Add the necessary data attributes to your img tags:
<img src="small.jpg"
     data-src="small.jpg"
     data-src-medium="medium.jpg"
     data-src-large="large.jpg"
     alt="Responsive Image">
  1. Initialize the plugin:
$( document ).ready(function() {
    $( "img" ).responsiveImages();
});
  1. Ensure you have multiple sizes of each image available on your server.

Competitor Comparisons

A responsive image polyfill for <picture>, srcset, sizes, and more

Pros of Picturefill

  • More actively maintained with recent updates
  • Wider browser support, including older versions
  • Polyfill for the <picture> element, providing better fallback options

Cons of Picturefill

  • Larger file size, potentially impacting page load times
  • More complex implementation, requiring additional markup
  • May require more extensive testing across different browsers

Code Comparison

Responsive-Images:

<img src="small.jpg" data-fullsrc="large.jpg" class="responsive-image">

Picturefill:

<picture>
  <source srcset="large.jpg" media="(min-width: 800px)">
  <img src="small.jpg" alt="Image description">
</picture>

Both libraries aim to solve the responsive image problem, but Picturefill offers a more standards-compliant approach by implementing the <picture> element. Responsive-Images uses a simpler data attribute method, which may be easier to implement but less flexible. Picturefill's approach aligns better with current web standards and provides more granular control over image sources based on various conditions.

While Picturefill requires more markup, it offers better browser support and fallback options. Responsive-Images is lighter and simpler but may not cover all use cases as effectively as Picturefill.

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High performance and SEO friendly lazy loader for images (responsive and normal), iframes and more, that detects any visibility changes triggered through user interaction, CSS or JavaScript without configuration.

Pros of lazysizes

  • More actively maintained with frequent updates
  • Supports a wider range of features, including LQIP and blur-up techniques
  • Offers plugins for additional functionality like video lazy-loading

Cons of lazysizes

  • Larger file size, which may impact page load times
  • More complex setup and configuration options
  • Steeper learning curve for beginners

Code Comparison

lazysizes:

<img data-src="image.jpg" class="lazyload" alt="Lazy-loaded image">
<script src="lazysizes.min.js" async=""></script>

Responsive-Images:

<img src="small.jpg" data-srcset="medium.jpg 1000w, large.jpg 2000w" alt="Responsive image">
<script>document.createElement("picture");</script>

Both libraries aim to improve image loading performance, but they take different approaches. lazysizes focuses on lazy-loading and offers more advanced features, while Responsive-Images primarily deals with serving appropriately sized images based on screen size.

lazysizes provides a more comprehensive solution for modern web development needs, including support for newer image formats and advanced loading techniques. However, this comes at the cost of increased complexity and a larger file size.

Responsive-Images, on the other hand, offers a simpler implementation focused on responsive image delivery. It's lighter and easier to set up but lacks some of the advanced features found in lazysizes.

The choice between the two depends on project requirements, with lazysizes being more suitable for complex applications and Responsive-Images for simpler use cases prioritizing lightweight implementation.

LazyLoad is a lightweight, flexible script that speeds up your website by deferring the loading of your below-the-fold images, backgrounds, videos, iframes and scripts to when they will enter the viewport. Written in plain "vanilla" JavaScript, it leverages IntersectionObserver, supports responsive images and enables native lazy loading.

Pros of vanilla-lazyload

  • Lightweight and dependency-free, focusing solely on lazy loading
  • Supports both images and videos, offering versatile media handling
  • Provides more customization options and events for fine-tuned control

Cons of vanilla-lazyload

  • Lacks built-in responsive image functionality
  • May require additional setup for optimal performance in complex layouts
  • Does not offer automatic generation of image variations

Code Comparison

vanilla-lazyload:

const lazyLoadInstance = new LazyLoad({
  elements_selector: ".lazy",
  threshold: 0,
  callback_enter: (element) => {
    console.log("Loaded:", element);
  }
});

Responsive-Images:

<img src="small.jpg"
     srcset="large.jpg 1024w, medium.jpg 640w, small.jpg 320w"
     sizes="(min-width: 36em) 33.3vw, 100vw"
     alt="A responsive image">

vanilla-lazyload focuses on lazy loading implementation, while Responsive-Images emphasizes responsive image techniques. The former requires JavaScript for lazy loading, whereas the latter relies on HTML attributes for responsiveness. Choose based on your project's specific needs and priorities.

JavaScript, SCSS, Sass, Less, and Stylus helpers for rendering high-resolution image variants

Pros of retinajs

  • Lightweight and easy to implement
  • Automatically handles Retina display detection
  • Supports both inline img tags and CSS background images

Cons of retinajs

  • Limited to high-density displays (primarily Retina)
  • Doesn't offer as comprehensive responsive image solutions
  • Less actively maintained compared to Responsive-Images

Code Comparison

retinajs:

retinajs();
// Or with options
retinajs( {check_mime_type: true, force_original_dimensions: false} );

Responsive-Images:

<img src="small.jpg"
     srcset="large.jpg 1024w, medium.jpg 640w, small.jpg 320w"
     sizes="(min-width: 36em) 33.3vw, 100vw"
     alt="A responsive image">

Summary

Responsive-Images offers a more comprehensive solution for responsive images across various device sizes and resolutions, while retinajs focuses specifically on high-density displays. Responsive-Images uses native HTML attributes for better performance and browser support, whereas retinajs relies on JavaScript for detection and image swapping. Responsive-Images is more actively maintained and aligns closely with web standards, making it a more future-proof choice for responsive image implementation.

Responsive images while we wait for srcset to finish cooking

Pros of Imager.js

  • Lightweight and focused on image resizing functionality
  • Supports lazy loading of images
  • Provides a simple API for easy integration

Cons of Imager.js

  • Less comprehensive than Responsive-Images in terms of overall responsive image solutions
  • May require more manual configuration for complex use cases
  • Limited browser support compared to Responsive-Images

Code Comparison

Imager.js:

var imager = new Imager('.delayed-image-load', {
    availableWidths: [300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800],
    onResize: function() {
        console.log('Imager resized');
    }
});

Responsive-Images:

<picture>
    <source srcset="large.jpg" media="(min-width: 800px)">
    <source srcset="medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 600px)">
    <img src="small.jpg" alt="Description">
</picture>

Imager.js focuses on JavaScript-based image resizing, while Responsive-Images utilizes HTML markup for responsive image selection. Imager.js offers more programmatic control, whereas Responsive-Images provides a more declarative approach using native browser features. The choice between the two depends on specific project requirements and browser support needs.

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Pros of slick

  • Highly customizable carousel/slider with numerous options and settings
  • Supports responsive design and touch swipe on mobile devices
  • Easy to implement with minimal setup required

Cons of slick

  • Focused solely on image carousels, not general responsive image handling
  • Requires jQuery as a dependency
  • Larger file size due to extensive features

Code Comparison

Responsive-Images:

<picture>
  <source srcset="large.jpg" media="(min-width: 800px)">
  <source srcset="medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 400px)">
  <img src="small.jpg" alt="Description">
</picture>

slick:

<div class="slider">
  <div><img src="image1.jpg"></div>
  <div><img src="image2.jpg"></div>
  <div><img src="image3.jpg"></div>
</div>

<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
  $('.slider').slick();
});
</script>

Summary

While Responsive-Images focuses on providing a solution for serving appropriate image sizes based on device capabilities, slick is primarily a feature-rich image carousel plugin. Responsive-Images offers a more lightweight approach to responsive image handling, while slick provides extensive customization options for creating interactive image sliders. The choice between the two depends on the specific needs of the project, whether it's general responsive image management or creating engaging image carousels.

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README

:warning: This project is archived and the repository is no longer maintained.

We recommend you use picturefill instead. https://github.com/scottjehl/picturefill

Old Readme, kept for historic purposes:

Responsive Images

An Experiment with Mobile-First Images that Scale Responsively & Responsibly

What is this?

The goal of this technique is to deliver optimized, contextual image sizes in responsive layouts that utilize dramatically different image sizes at different resolutions. Ideally, this could enable developers to start with mobile-optimized images in their HTML and specify a larger size to be used for users with larger screen resolutions -- without requesting both image sizes, and without UA sniffing.

Instructions

* Note: you'll need an apache web server for this to work.
  1. Add the ".htaccess"" file* to your web server public rootfile's head (OR if you already have an .htaccess file, you can paste its contents into your existing file)

  2. Grab "responsiveimgs.min.js" and reference it from your HTML in the HEAD of your document:

  3. For any img elements that offer a larger desktop-friendly size, reference the larger image's src via a ?full= query string on the image url. Note that the path after ?full= should be written so it works directly as the src attribute as well (in other words, include the same path info you need for the small version)

    <img src="small.jpg?full=large.jpg" >

How's it work?

As soon as rwd-images.js loads, it tests the screen width, and if it's large, it inserts a BASE element into the head of your page, directing all subsequent image, script, and stylesheet requests through a fictitious directory called "/rwd-router/". As these requests reach the server, the .htaccess file determines whether the request is a responsive image or not (does it have a ?full query parameter?). It redirects responsive image requests immediately to their full size, while all non-responsive-image requests go to their proper destination through a URL rewrite that ignores the "/rwd-router/" segment.

Supported Browsers

Safari (desktop, iPhone, iPad), Chrome, Internet Explorer (8+), Opera. Firefox 4

Support Caveats:

Firefox 3.6-, IE 6/7, etc

Note:

Unsupported browsers still receive responsive images; the drawback is that both image sizes are requested, so there's additional overhead on the initial request on the desktop. That aside, subsequent page visits can make use of a cookie that is set in all browsers to serve the appropriate size from the start.

Non-Javascript Browsers

Non-javascript enabled/supporting browsers/devices will receive the initial image referenced in the image src attribute (the mobile version)

Optional Configuration and Optimizations:

1 option is available for external configuration: widthBreakPoint. You can set it within a global "rwd_images" object that must be defined before rwd-images.js is loaded.

<script>
	//configure options here:
	var rwd_images = {};
</script>

Setting a different width breakpoint

If you'd like to use a different width breakpoint than the 480px default:

<script>
	//configure options here:
	var rwd_images = {
		//set the width breakpoint to 600px instead of 480px
		widthBreakPoint: 600
	};
</script>

Server-side Optimizations

A cookie is set by the script so that on subsequent page loads you can set your images an appropriate source from the start and choose not to load the script at all.

The cookie looks like this (where 1440 is the screen resolution): "rwd-resolution=1440"

License & Disclaimer

  • Dual licensed under the MIT or GPL Version 2 licenses.
  • Copyright 2010, Scott Jehl & Filament Group, Inc
  • This project is experimental. Please fork and contribute!