RATDecoders

Python Decoders for Common Remote Access Trojans

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Quick Overview

RATDecoders is a collection of Python scripts designed to extract configuration information from various Remote Access Trojans (RATs). It provides a set of decoders for different RAT families, helping security researchers and analysts to quickly analyze and understand the configuration of malware samples.

Pros

Supports a wide range of RAT families, making it a versatile tool for malware analysis
Open-source project, allowing for community contributions and improvements
Regularly updated to include new RAT families and improve existing decoders
Provides a standardized output format for easy integration with other tools

Cons

Some decoders may become outdated as RAT authors update their malware
Limited documentation for individual decoders, which may make it challenging for new users
Requires Python knowledge to use effectively and extend functionality
May not cover all variants or custom versions of RATs

Code Examples

Decoding a RAT sample:

from decoders import njrat
config = njrat.config("path/to/sample.exe")
print(config)

Using the generic decoder:

from decoders import generic
config = generic.config("path/to/unknown_rat.exe")
print(config)

Extracting configuration from a DarkComet sample:

from decoders import darkcomet
config = darkcomet.config("path/to/darkcomet_sample.exe")
print(config)

Getting Started

Clone the repository:

git clone https://github.com/kevthehermit/RATDecoders.git

Install dependencies:
```
pip install -r requirements.txt
```

Use a decoder:

from decoders import njrat
config = njrat.config("path/to/sample.exe")
print(config)

Competitor Comparisons

malware-ioc

1,602

Indicators of Compromises (IOC) of our various investigations

Pros of malware-ioc

Broader scope, covering various malware families and threat actors
Regular updates with new IoCs and threat intelligence
Includes YARA rules for malware detection

Cons of malware-ioc

Less focused on specific RAT decoders
May require more processing to extract relevant information
Larger repository size, potentially slower to clone and navigate

Code Comparison

RATDecoders:

def run(data):
    rat = CrypterRat()
    conf = rat.config(data)
    return conf

malware-ioc:

rule APT29_NOBELIUM_EnvyScout_Loader {
    meta:
        description = "Detects EnvyScout loader used by NOBELIUM"
    strings:
        $s1 = "EnvyScout" ascii wide
    condition:
        uint16(0) == 0x5A4D and $s1
}

The code snippets demonstrate the different focus of each repository. RATDecoders provides Python scripts for decoding specific RAT configurations, while malware-ioc offers YARA rules for detecting various malware families and threat actors.

signature-base

2,433

YARA signature and IOC database for my scanners and tools

Pros of signature-base

Broader scope, covering various malware types and threat detection signatures
More actively maintained with frequent updates
Larger community and contributor base

Cons of signature-base

More complex structure, potentially harder to navigate for specific RAT decoders
May require more setup and integration for focused RAT decoding tasks
Larger repository size, which could be overkill for simple RAT decoding needs

Code Comparison

signature-base (YARA rule example):

rule SUSP_LNK_SmallFile_with_PowerShell_Feb23 {
   meta:
      description = "Detects suspicious small LNK file with PowerShell command"
      author = "Florian Roth"
      reference = "Internal Research"
      date = "2023-02-24"
   strings:
      $s1 = "powershell" nocase wide ascii
   condition:
      uint16(0) == 0x004c and filesize < 1KB and $s1
}

RATDecoders (Python decoder example):

def run(data):
    raw_config = get_config(data)
    # Parse config
    config = {}
    config['Domain'] = raw_config[0]
    config['Port'] = raw_config[1]
    config['Campaign Name'] = raw_config[2]
    return config

The code comparison shows that signature-base focuses on detection rules (YARA), while RATDecoders provides specific decoding functions for RATs. signature-base offers a more versatile approach to threat detection, whereas RATDecoders is specialized for RAT configuration extraction.

flare-floss

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Pros of flare-floss

More comprehensive functionality, including string extraction, stack strings, and obfuscated strings
Actively maintained with regular updates and contributions
Extensive documentation and usage examples

Cons of flare-floss

Steeper learning curve due to more complex features
Requires more system resources for analysis
May be overkill for simpler malware analysis tasks

Code comparison

RATDecoders:

def run(data):
    raw_config = {}
    # ... (specific decoding logic)
    return raw_config

flare-floss:

def extract_strings(vw, function_address):
    strings = []
    # ... (complex string extraction logic)
    return strings

RATDecoders focuses on specific malware family decoding, while flare-floss provides a more general-purpose string extraction and analysis tool. RATDecoders is simpler to use for targeted analysis, but flare-floss offers more advanced capabilities for a wider range of malware analysis tasks.

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README

RATDecoders

Malconf is a python3 library that can be used to staticly analyse specific malware families and extract the Configuration data that can be used by Incident Responders during an incident.

As a library it can also be installed in to automated malware analysis pipelines.

Installation

Requirements

There are some pre-reqs that are included in the pip setup and the requirements.txt

pefile
pbkdf2
javaobj-py3
pycrypto
androguard

For all the decoders you will need yara and yara-python. For dealing with .NET malware you will need to install yara-python with dotnet support

yara-python with dotnet support

git clone --recursive https://github.com/VirusTotal/yara-python
python3 setup.py build --enable-magic --enable-dotnet
sudo python3 setup.py install

Install from pip

pip3 install --upgrade malwareconfig

Install from repo

git clone git@github.com:kevthehermit/RATDecoders.git
cd RATDecoders
pip3 install -r requirements.txt
python3 setup.py install

Current Rats

Here is a list of the currently supported RATS:

LostDoor
Xtreme
AAR
AdWind
Adzok
AlienSpy
Alina
Arcom
BlackNix
BlackShades
BlueBanana
Bozok
ClientMesh
CyberGate
DarkComet
DarkRAT
HawkEye
Hrat / hworm / WSH
Jbifrost
JRat
LuminosityLink
LuxNet
NanoCore
NetWire
njRat
Plasma
Remcos
Saefko
Sakula
SpyNote / Mobihook

Upcoming RATS

Still migrating old ones!

Usage

Using the supplied command line tool malconf you can pass in a single file or a directory with the -r flag and it will attempt to automagically detect the family and extract any config.

You can also use the -o option to write results out to a file.

malconf

malconf -l This will list all the supported rats

malconf /path/to/sample This will automagically detect the family and run the decoder

â  malconf tests/samples/alienspy 

 __  __       _  ____             __ 
|  \/  | __ _| |/ ___|___  _ __  / _|
| |\/| |/ _` | | |   / _ \| '_ \| |_ 
| |  | | (_| | | |__| (_) | | | |  _|
|_|  |_|\__,_|_|\____\___/|_| |_|_| 

Malware Configuration Parser by @kevthehermit

[+] Loading File: tests/samples/alienspy
  [-] Found: AlienSpy
  [-] Running Decoder
  [-] Config Output

{'ConfigKey': 'fzGUoTaQH3SUW7E82IKQK2J2J2IISIS',
 'NAME': 'ok',
 'Version': 'B',
 'connetion_time': '0',
 'desktop': 'true',
 'dns': '213.208.129.211',
 'extensionname': 'qQJ',
 'folder': 'java',
 'instalar': 'true',

Library

If you pip install you can also use it is a library.

from malwareconfig import fileparser
from malwareconfig.modules import __decoders__, __preprocessors__

# Open and parse the file
sample_path = '/path/to/sample.exe'
file_info = fileparser.FileParser(file_path=sample_path)

# Check for a valid decoder and then parse
if file_info.malware_name in __decoders__:
    module = __decoders__[file_info.malware_name]['obj']()
    module.set_file(file_info)
    module.get_config()
    conf = module.config
    pprint(conf)

Thanks

Full credit where credit is due.

Malware.lu for the initial xtreme Rat Writeup - https://code.google.com/p/malware-lu/wiki/en_xtreme_RAT

Fireye for their Poison Ivy and Xtreme rat WriteUps (Even though they ignored my tweets :-) ) - http://www.fireeye.com/blog/technical/2014/02/xtremerat-nuisance-or-threat.html

Shawn Denbow and Jesse Herts for their paper here - http://www.matasano.com/research/PEST-CONTROL.pdf Saved me a lot of time

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