Pros of Common

• More mature and widely adopted project with a larger community
• Supports multiple programming languages, offering greater flexibility
• Extensive documentation and resources available for users

Cons of Common

• Can be more complex to set up and configure for simple projects
• May have a steeper learning curve for beginners
• Potentially slower execution due to its cross-language support

Code Comparison

Cucumber Common (Ruby):

Given("I have {int} cucumbers in my belly") do |count|
  @belly = []
  count.times { @belly << 'cucumber' }
end

Kiwi (Python):

@given("I have {int:count} cucumbers in my belly")
def step_impl(context, count):
    context.belly = ['cucumber'] * count

Both frameworks use similar syntax for defining step definitions, but Kiwi's implementation is more concise and Pythonic. Common supports multiple languages, while Kiwi is Python-specific, which can lead to simpler setup and potentially faster execution for Python projects.

Pros of Behave

• More mature and widely adopted in the Python community
• Extensive documentation and community support
• Supports multiple output formats (e.g., JSON, JUnit XML)

Cons of Behave

• Steeper learning curve for beginners
• Less flexibility in test organization and structure
• Requires more boilerplate code for complex scenarios

Code Comparison

Behave:

from behave import given, when, then

@given('we have behave installed')
def step_impl(context):
    pass

@when('we implement a test')
def step_impl(context):
    assert True is not False

@then('behave will test it for us!')
def step_impl(context):
    assert context.failed is False

Kiwi:

from kiwi import scenario, step

@scenario('Feature: Basic Test')
def test_basic():
    step('Given we have Kiwi installed')
    step('When we implement a test')
    step('Then Kiwi will test it for us!')

@step('we have Kiwi installed')
def step_impl():
    pass

@step('we implement a test')
def step_impl():
    assert True is not False

@step('Kiwi will test it for us!')
def step_impl():
    assert True

Pros of pytest-bdd

• Seamless integration with pytest, leveraging its powerful features and ecosystem
• Supports both imperative and declarative styles of BDD
• Allows for more flexible step definitions and reusability

Cons of pytest-bdd

• Steeper learning curve for those unfamiliar with pytest
• Less intuitive syntax for non-technical stakeholders
• Limited built-in reporting capabilities compared to Kiwi

Code Comparison

pytest-bdd:

@scenario('features/login.feature', 'Successful login')
def test_successful_login():
    pass

@given('I am on the login page')
def login_page(browser):
    browser.get('/login')

@when('I enter valid credentials')
def enter_credentials(browser):
    browser.find_element_by_id('username').send_keys('user')
    browser.find_element_by_id('password').send_keys('pass')

Kiwi:

class LoginTest(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()

    @scenario('Successful login')
    def test_successful_login(self):
        Given('I am on the login page')
        When('I enter valid credentials')
        Then('I should be logged in')

    @step('I am on the login page')
    def go_to_login_page(self):
        self.browser.get('/login')

Both frameworks offer BDD-style testing, but pytest-bdd integrates more closely with pytest, while Kiwi provides a more self-contained approach. pytest-bdd's syntax is more Python-centric, whereas Kiwi aims for a more natural language feel in its test definitions.

Pros of Spock

• Powerful and expressive testing DSL specifically designed for behavior-driven development (BDD)
• Seamless integration with Java and Groovy ecosystems, allowing for mixed-language projects
• Built-in mocking and stubbing capabilities without additional libraries

Cons of Spock

• Steeper learning curve for developers unfamiliar with Groovy syntax
• Limited IDE support compared to pure Java testing frameworks
• Potential performance overhead due to Groovy runtime

Code Comparison

Spock:

def "length of Spock's and his friends' names"() {
    expect:
    name.size() == length

    where:
    name     | length
    "Spock"  | 5
    "Kirk"   | 4
    "Scotty" | 6
}

Kiwi:

@scenario
def test_length_of_names():
    given.name = "Spock"
    then.name.length == 5

    given.name = "Kirk"
    then.name.length == 4

    given.name = "Scotty"
    then.name.length == 6

Both frameworks offer BDD-style testing, but Spock's syntax is more concise and expressive, leveraging Groovy's features. Kiwi uses a more traditional Python approach with decorators and assertions. Spock's table-driven testing is particularly powerful for data-driven scenarios, while Kiwi relies on multiple given-then blocks for similar functionality.