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汉字转拼音(pypinyin)

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hotoo's avatar

pinyin

7,482

:cn: 汉字拼音 ➜ hàn zì pīn yīn

fxsjy's avatar

jieba

33,199

结巴中文分词

Quick Overview

Python-pinyin is a Python library for converting Chinese characters to pinyin (the official romanization system for Standard Chinese). It supports multiple pinyin styles and can handle both simplified and traditional Chinese characters.

Pros

  • Supports multiple pinyin styles (e.g., NORMAL, TONE, TONE2, TONE3, INITIALS, FIRST_LETTER)
  • Handles both simplified and traditional Chinese characters
  • Customizable pronunciation dictionary
  • Actively maintained with regular updates

Cons

  • May have occasional inaccuracies for uncommon or ambiguous characters
  • Limited support for non-standard Chinese characters or dialects
  • Performance may degrade with very large text inputs
  • Requires additional data files for full functionality

Code Examples

Converting Chinese characters to pinyin:

from pypinyin import pinyin, Style

text = "中国"
result = pinyin(text)
print(result)  # Output: [['zhōng'], ['guó']]

Using different pinyin styles:

from pypinyin import pinyin, Style

text = "你好"
result = pinyin(text, style=Style.TONE2)
print(result)  # Output: [['ni3'], ['ha3o']]

Converting to initials only:

from pypinyin import pinyin, Style

text = "北京"
result = pinyin(text, style=Style.INITIALS)
print(result)  # Output: [['b'], ['j']]

Getting Started

  1. Install the library using pip:
pip install pypinyin
  1. Import and use the library in your Python code:
from pypinyin import pinyin, lazy_pinyin, Style

# Basic usage
text = "你好世界"
print(pinyin(text))  # Output: [['nǐ'], ['hǎo'], ['shì'], ['jiè']]

# Lazy pinyin (without tones)
print(lazy_pinyin(text))  # Output: ['ni', 'hao', 'shi', 'jie']

# Using different styles
print(pinyin(text, style=Style.TONE2))  # Output: [['ni3'], ['ha3o'], ['shi4'], ['jie4']]

Competitor Comparisons

hotoo logo

pinyin

7,482

:cn: 汉字拼音 ➜ hàn zì pīn yīn

Pros of pinyin

  • Written in JavaScript, making it suitable for web-based applications
  • Supports multiple output formats (pinyin, initial, final, tone)
  • Includes a command-line interface for easy use outside of code

Cons of pinyin

  • Less comprehensive dictionary compared to python-pinyin
  • May have slower performance for large-scale text processing
  • Limited customization options for handling edge cases

Code Comparison

python-pinyin:

from pypinyin import pinyin, Style

text = "中文"
result = pinyin(text, style=Style.TONE)
print(result)  # [['zhōng'], ['wén']]

pinyin:

const pinyin = require("pinyin");

const text = "中文";
const result = pinyin(text, { toneType: 'num' });
console.log(result);  // [ [ 'zhong1' ], [ 'wen2' ] ]

Both libraries offer similar basic functionality for converting Chinese characters to pinyin. python-pinyin provides more advanced features and customization options, while pinyin is more suitable for JavaScript-based projects and offers simpler integration for web applications. The choice between the two depends on the specific project requirements and the development environment.

fxsjy logo

jieba

33,199

结巴中文分词

Pros of jieba

  • Broader functionality: Offers word segmentation, part-of-speech tagging, and keyword extraction
  • More comprehensive: Includes a large dictionary and supports custom dictionaries
  • Higher performance: Optimized for speed and efficiency in processing Chinese text

Cons of jieba

  • More complex: Requires more setup and configuration for specific tasks
  • Larger footprint: Consumes more memory due to its comprehensive dictionary
  • Less focused: Not specialized for pinyin conversion like python-pinyin

Code Comparison

python-pinyin:

from pypinyin import pinyin, Style

text = "中文测试"
result = pinyin(text, style=Style.TONE)
print(result)

jieba:

import jieba

text = "中文测试"
words = jieba.cut(text)
print(" ".join(words))

While python-pinyin focuses on converting Chinese characters to pinyin, jieba primarily handles word segmentation. The code examples demonstrate their core functionalities: python-pinyin converts text to pinyin, while jieba segments the text into words.

Both libraries serve different primary purposes but can be valuable tools for processing Chinese text, depending on the specific requirements of your project.

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README

汉字拼音转换工具（Python 版）

|Build| |GitHubAction| |Coverage| |Pypi version| |PyPI downloads| |DOI|

将汉字转为拼音。可以用于汉字注音、排序、检索(Russian translation_) 。

最初版本的代码参考了 hotoo/pinyin <https://github.com/hotoo/pinyin>__ 的实现。

.. contents::

特性

  • 根据词组智能匹配最正确的拼音。
  • 支持多音字。
  • 简单的繁体支持，注音支持，威妥玛拼音支持。
  • 支持多种不同拼音/注音风格。

安装

.. code-block:: bash

pip install pypinyin

使用示例

.. code-block:: python

>>> from pypinyin import pinyin, lazy_pinyin, Style
>>> pinyin('中心')  # or pinyin(['中心'])，参数值为列表时表示输入的是已分词后的数据
[['zhōng'], ['xīn']]
>>> pinyin('中心', heteronym=True)  # 启用多音字模式
[['zhōng', 'zhòng'], ['xīn']]
>>> pinyin('中心', style=Style.FIRST_LETTER)  # 设置拼音风格
[['z'], ['x']]
>>> pinyin('中心', style=Style.TONE2, heteronym=True)
[['zho1ng', 'zho4ng'], ['xi1n']]
>>> pinyin('中心', style=Style.TONE3, heteronym=True)
[['zhong1', 'zhong4'], ['xin1']]
>>> pinyin('中心', style=Style.BOPOMOFO)  # 注音风格
[['ㄓㄨㄥ'], ['ㄒㄧㄣ']]
>>> lazy_pinyin('威妥玛拼音', style=Style.WADEGILES)
['wei', "t'o", 'ma', "p'in", 'yin']
>>> lazy_pinyin('中心')  # 不考虑多音字的情况
['zhong', 'xin']
>>> lazy_pinyin('战略', v_to_u=True)  # 不使用 v 表示 ü
['zhan', 'lüe']
# 使用 5 标识轻声
>>> lazy_pinyin('衣裳', style=Style.TONE3, neutral_tone_with_five=True)
['yi1', 'shang5']
# 变调  nǐ hǎo -> ní hǎo
>>> lazy_pinyin('你好', style=Style.TONE2, tone_sandhi=True)
['ni2', 'ha3o']

注意事项 ：

  • 默认情况下拼音结果不会标明哪个韵母是轻声，轻声的韵母没有声调或数字标识（可以通过参数 neutral_tone_with_five=True 开启使用 5 标识轻声 ）。
  • 默认情况下无声调相关拼音风格下的结果会使用 v 表示 ü （可以通过参数 v_to_u=True 开启使用 ü 代替 v ）。
  • 默认情况下会原样输出没有拼音的字符（自定义处理没有拼音的字符的方法见 文档 <https://pypinyin.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/master/usage.html#handle-no-pinyin>__ ）。
  • 嗯 的拼音并不是大部分人以为的 en 以及存在既没有声母也没有韵母的拼音，详见下方 FAQ 中的说明。

命令行工具：

.. code-block:: console

$ pypinyin 音乐
yīn yuè

$ python -m pypinyin.tools.toneconvert to-tone 'zhong4 xin1'
zhòng xīn

文档

详细文档请访问：https://pypinyin.readthedocs.io/。

项目代码开发方面的问题可以看看 开发文档_ 。

FAQ

拼音有误？ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

可以通过下面的方法提高拼音准确性：

  • 可以通过自定义词组拼音库或者单字拼音库的方式修正拼音结果， 详见 文档 <https://pypinyin.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/master/usage.html#custom-dict>__ 。

.. code-block:: python

>> from pypinyin import load_phrases_dict, load_single_dict

>> load_phrases_dict({'桔子': [['jú'], ['zǐ']]})  # 增加 "桔子" 词组

>> load_single_dict({ord('还'): 'hái,huán'})  # 调整 "还" 字的拼音顺序或覆盖默认拼音
  • 也可以使用 pypinyin-dict <https://github.com/mozillazg/pypinyin-dict>__ 项目提供的自定义拼音库来纠正结果。

.. code-block:: python

# 使用 phrase-pinyin-data 项目中 cc_cedict.txt 文件中的拼音数据优化结果
>>> from pypinyin_dict.phrase_pinyin_data import cc_cedict
>>> cc_cedict.load()

# 使用 pinyin-data 项目中 kXHC1983.txt 文件中的拼音数据优化结果
>>> from pypinyin_dict.pinyin_data import kxhc1983
>>> kxhc1983.load()
  • 如果是分词导致的拼音有误的话，可以先使用其他的分词模块对数据进行分词处理， 然后将分词后的词组结果列表作为函数的参数即可:

.. code-block:: python

>>> # 使用其他分词模块分词，比如 jieba 之类，
>>> #或者基于 phrases_dict.py 里的词语数据使用其他分词算法分词
>>> words = list(jieba.cut('每股24.67美元的确定性协议'))
>>> pinyin(words)
  • 如果你希望能通过训练模型的方式提高拼音准确性的话，可以看一下 pypinyin-g2pW <https://github.com/mozillazg/pypinyin-g2pW>__ 这个项目。

为什么没有 y, w, yu 几个声母？ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

.. code-block:: python

>>> from pypinyin import Style, pinyin
>>> pinyin('下雨天', style=Style.INITIALS)
[['x'], [''], ['t']]

因为根据 《汉语拼音方案》 <http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_sjzl/ziliao/A19/195802/t19580201_186000.html>__ ， y，w，ü (yu) 都不是声母。

声母风格（INITIALS）下，“雨”、“我”、“圆”等汉字返回空字符串，因为根据
`《汉语拼音方案》 <http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_sjzl/ziliao/A19/195802/t19580201_186000.html>`__ ，
y，w，ü (yu) 都不是声母，在某些特定韵母无声母时，才加上 y 或 w，而 ü 也有其特定规则。    —— @hotoo

**如果你觉得这个给你带来了麻烦，那么也请小心一些无声母的汉字（如“啊”、“饿”、“按”、“昂”等）。
这时候你也许需要的是首字母风格（FIRST_LETTER）**。    —— @hotoo

参考: `hotoo/pinyin#57 <https://github.com/hotoo/pinyin/issues/57>`__,
`#22 <https://github.com/mozillazg/python-pinyin/pull/22>`__,
`#27 <https://github.com/mozillazg/python-pinyin/issues/27>`__,
`#44 <https://github.com/mozillazg/python-pinyin/issues/44>`__

如果觉得这个行为不是你想要的，就是想把 y 当成声母的话，可以指定 strict=False ， 这个可能会符合你的预期：

.. code-block:: python

>>> from pypinyin import Style, pinyin
>>> pinyin('下雨天', style=Style.INITIALS)
[['x'], [''], ['t']]
>>> pinyin('下雨天', style=Style.INITIALS, strict=False)
[['x'], ['y'], ['t']]

详见 strict 参数的影响_ 。

存在既没有声母也没有韵母的拼音？ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

是的，strict=True 模式下存在极少数既没有声母也没有韵母的拼音。 比如下面这些拼音（来自汉字 嗯、呒、呣、唔）::

ń ńg ňg ǹg ň ǹ m̄ ḿ m̀

尤其需要注意的是 嗯 的所有拼音都既没有声母也没有韵母，呣 的默认拼音既没有声母也没有韵母。 详见 #109_ #259_ #284_ 。

如何将某一风格的拼音转换为其他风格的拼音？ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

可以通过 pypinyin.contrib.tone_convert 模块提供的辅助函数对标准拼音进行转换，得到不同风格的拼音。 比如将 zhōng 转换为 zhong，或者获取拼音中的声母或韵母数据：

.. code-block:: python

>>> from pypinyin.contrib.tone_convert import to_normal, to_tone, to_initials, to_finals
>>> to_normal('zhōng')
'zhong'
>>> to_tone('zhong1')
'zhōng'
>>> to_initials('zhōng')
'zh'
>>> to_finals('zhōng')
'ong'

更多拼音转换的辅助函数，详见 pypinyin.contrib.tone_convert 模块的 文档 <https://pypinyin.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/master/contrib.html#tone-convert>__ 。

如何减少内存占用？ ++++++++++++++++++++

如果对拼音的准确性不是特别在意的话，可以通过设置环境变量 PYPINYIN_NO_PHRASES 和 PYPINYIN_NO_DICT_COPY 来节省内存。 详见 文档 <https://pypinyin.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/master/faq.html#no-phrases>__

更多 FAQ 详见文档中的 FAQ <https://pypinyin.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/master/faq.html>__ 部分。

.. _#13 : https://github.com/mozillazg/python-pinyin/issues/113 .. _strict 参数的影响: https://pypinyin.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/master/usage.html#strict

拼音数据

  • 单个汉字的拼音使用 pinyin-data_ 的数据
  • 词组的拼音使用 phrase-pinyin-data_ 的数据
  • 声母和韵母使用 《汉语拼音方案》 <http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_sjzl/ziliao/A19/195802/t19580201_186000.html>__ 的数据

Related Projects

  • hotoo/pinyin__: 汉字拼音转换工具 Node.js/JavaScript 版。
  • mozillazg/go-pinyin__: 汉字拼音转换工具 Go 版。
  • mozillazg/rust-pinyin__: 汉字拼音转换工具 Rust 版。
  • wolfgitpr/cpp-pinyin__: 汉字拼音转换工具 c++ 版。
  • wolfgitpr/csharp-pinyin__: 汉字拼音转换工具 c# 版。

__ https://github.com/hotoo/pinyin __ https://github.com/mozillazg/go-pinyin __ https://github.com/mozillazg/rust-pinyin __ https://github.com/wolfgitpr/cpp-pinyin __ https://github.com/wolfgitpr/csharp-pinyin

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.. _Russian translation: https://github.com/mozillazg/python-pinyin/blob/master/README_ru.rst .. _pinyin-data: https://github.com/mozillazg/pinyin-data .. _phrase-pinyin-data: https://github.com/mozillazg/phrase-pinyin-data .. _开发文档: https://pypinyin.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/develop/develop.html .. _#109: https://github.com/mozillazg/python-pinyin/issues/109 .. _#259: https://github.com/mozillazg/python-pinyin/issues/259 .. _#284: https://github.com/mozillazg/python-pinyin/issues/284