What is OpenSCAD?

OpenSCAD is a software for creating solid 3D CAD objects. It is free software and available for Linux/UNIX, MS Windows and macOS.

Unlike most free software for creating 3D models (such as the famous application Blender), OpenSCAD focuses on the CAD aspects rather than the artistic aspects of 3D modeling. Thus this might be the application you are looking for when you are planning to create 3D models of machine parts but probably not the tool for creating computer-animated movies.

OpenSCAD is not an interactive modeler. Instead it is more like a 3D-compiler that reads a script file that describes the object and renders the 3D model from this script file (see examples below). This gives you, the designer, complete control over the modeling process and enables you to easily change any step in the modeling process or make designs that are defined by configurable parameters.

OpenSCAD provides two main modeling techniques: First there is constructive solid geometry (aka CSG) and second there is extrusion of 2D outlines. As the data exchange format for these 2D outlines Autocad DXF files are used. In addition to 2D paths for extrusion it is also possible to read design parameters from DXF files. Besides DXF files OpenSCAD can read and create 3D models in the STL and OFF file formats.

Contents

• Getting Started
• Documentation
  • Building OpenSCAD
    • Prerequisites
    • Getting the source code
    • Building for macOS
    • Building for Linux/BSD
    • Building for Linux/BSD on systems with older or missing dependencies
    • Building for Windows
    • Compilation

Getting started

You can download the latest binaries of OpenSCAD at https://www.openscad.org/downloads.html. Install binaries as you would any other software.

When you open OpenSCAD, you'll see three frames within the window. The left frame is where you'll write code to model 3D objects. The right frame is where you'll see the 3D rendering of your model.

Let's make a tree! Type the following code into the left frame:

cylinder(h = 30, r = 8);

Then render the 3D model by hitting F5. Now you can see a cylinder for the trunk in our tree. Now let's add the bushy/leafy part of the tree represented by a sphere. To do so, we will union a cylinder and a sphere.

union() {
  cylinder(h = 30, r = 8);
  sphere(20);
}

But, it's not quite right! The bushy/leafy are around the base of the tree. We need to move the sphere up the z-axis.

union() {
  cylinder(h = 30, r = 8);
  translate([0, 0, 40]) sphere(20);
}

And that's it! You made your first 3D model! There are other primitive shapes that you can combine with other set operations (union, intersection, difference) and transformations (rotate, scale, translate) to make complex models! Check out all the other language features in the OpenSCAD Manual.

Documentation

Have a look at the OpenSCAD Homepage (https://www.openscad.org/documentation.html) for documentation.

Building OpenSCAD

To build OpenSCAD from source, follow the instructions for the platform applicable to you below.

Prerequisites

To build OpenSCAD, you need some libraries and tools. The version numbers in brackets specify the versions which have been used for development. Other versions may or may not work as well.

If you're using a newer version of Ubuntu, you can install these libraries from aptitude. If you're using Mac, or an older Linux/BSD, there are build scripts that download and compile the libraries from source. Follow the instructions for the platform you're compiling on below.

• A C++ compiler supporting C++17
• cmake (3.5 ->)
• Qt (5.12 ->)
• QScintilla2 (2.9 ->)
• CGAL (5.4 ->)
• GMP (5.x)
• MPFR (3.x)
• boost (1.61 ->)
• OpenCSG (1.4.2 ->)
• GLEW (1.5.4 ->)
• Eigen (3.x)
• glib2 (2.x)
• fontconfig (2.10 -> )
• freetype2 (2.4 -> )
• harfbuzz (0.9.19 -> )
• libzip (0.10.1 -> )
• Bison (2.4 -> )
• Flex (2.5.35 -> )
• pkg-config (0.26 -> )
• double-conversion (2.0.1 -> )

For the test suite, additional requirements are:

• Python3 (3.8 -> )
• Ghostscript (10.x ->)

Getting the source code

Install git (https://git-scm.com/) onto your system. Then run a clone:

git clone https://github.com/openscad/openscad.git

This will download the latest sources into a directory named openscad.

To pull the various submodules (incl. the MCAD library), do the following:

cd openscad
git submodule update --init --recursive

Building for macOS

Prerequisites:

• Xcode
• automake, libtool, cmake, pkg-config, wget, meson, python-packaging (we recommend installing these using Homebrew)

Install Dependencies:

After building dependencies using one of the following options, follow the instructions in the Compilation section.

1. From source

   Run the script that sets up the environment variables:

    source scripts/setenv-macos.sh
   

   Then run the script to compile all the dependencies:

    ./scripts/macosx-build-dependencies.sh
   

2. Homebrew (assumes Homebrew is already installed)

    ./scripts/macosx-build-homebrew.sh
   

Building for Linux/BSD

First, make sure that you have git installed (often packaged as 'git-core' or 'scmgit'). Once you've cloned this git repository, download and install the dependency packages listed above using your system's package manager. A convenience script is provided that can help with this process on some systems:

sudo ./scripts/uni-get-dependencies.sh

After installing dependencies, check their versions. You can run this script to help you:

./scripts/check-dependencies.sh

Take care that you don't have old local copies anywhere (/usr/local/). If all dependencies are present and of a high enough version, skip ahead to the Compilation instructions.

Building for Linux/BSD on systems with older or missing dependencies

If some of your system dependency libraries are missing or old, then you can download and build newer versions into $HOME/openscad_deps by following this process. First, run the script that sets up the environment variables.

source ./scripts/setenv-unibuild.sh

Then run the script to compile all the prerequisite libraries above:

./scripts/uni-build-dependencies.sh

Note that huge dependencies like gcc, qt, or glib2 are not included here, only the smaller ones (boost, CGAL, opencsg, etc). After the build, again check dependencies.

./scripts/check-dependencies.sh

After that, follow the Compilation instructions below.

Building for Windows

OpenSCAD for Windows is usually cross-compiled from Linux. If you wish to attempt an MSVC build on Windows, please see this site: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Building_on_Windows

To cross-build, first make sure that you have all necessary dependencies of the MXE project ( listed at https://mxe.cc/#requirements ). Don't install MXE itself, the scripts below will do that for you under $HOME/openscad_deps/mxe

Then get your development tools installed to get GCC. Then after you've cloned this git repository, start a new clean bash shell and run the script that sets up the environment variables.

source ./scripts/setenv-mingw-xbuild.sh 64

Then run the script to download & compile all the prerequisite libraries above:

./scripts/mingw-x-build-dependencies.sh 64

Note that this process can take several hours, and tens of gigabytes of disk space, as it uses the https://mxe.cc system to cross-build many libraries. After it is complete, build OpenSCAD and package it to an installer:

./scripts/release-common.sh mingw64

For a 32-bit Windows cross-build, replace 64 with 32 in the above instructions.

Building for WebAssembly

We support building OpenSCAD headless for WebAssembly w/ Emscripten, using a premade Docker image built in openscad/openscad-wasm (which also has usage examples)

#### Browser

The following command creates build-web/openscad.wasm & build-web/openscad.js:

./scripts/wasm-base-docker-run.sh emcmake cmake -B build-web -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DEXPERIMENTAL=1
./scripts/wasm-base-docker-run.sh cmake --build build-web -j2

openscad/openscad-playground uses this WASM build to provide a Web UI with a subset of features of OpenSCAD.

[!NOTE] With a debug build (-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug), you can set C++ breakpoints in Firefox and in Chrome (the latter needs an extension).

Standalone node.js build

The following command creates build-node/openscad.js, which is executable (requires node):

./scripts/wasm-base-docker-run.sh emcmake cmake -B build-node -DWASM_BUILD_TYPE=node -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DEXPERIMENTAL=1
./scripts/wasm-base-docker-run.sh cmake --build build-node -j2
build-node/openscad.js --help

[!NOTE] With a debug build (-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug), you can set C++ breakpoints in VSCode + Node (needs an extension).

Compilation

First, run cmake -B build -DEXPERIMENTAL=1 to generate a Makefile in the build folder.

Then run cmake --build build. Finally, on Linux you might run cmake --install build as root.

If you had problems compiling from source, raise a new issue in the issue tracker on the github page.

This site and it's subpages can also be helpful: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/OpenSCAD_User_Manual/Building_OpenSCAD_from_Sources

Once built, you can run tests with ctest from the build directory.

Note: Both cmake --build and ctest accepts a -j N argument for distributing the load over N parallel processes.

Running CI workflows locally

• Install circleci-cli (you'll need an API key)

  Note: we also use GitHub Workflows, but only to run tests on Windows (which we cross-build for in the Linux-based CircleCI workflows below). Also, act doesn't like our submodule setup anyway.

• Run the CI jobs

  # When "successful", these will fail to upload at the very end of the workflow.
  circleci local execute --job  openscad-mxe-64bit
  circleci local execute --job  openscad-mxe-32bit
  circleci local execute --job  openscad-appimage-64bit
  

  Note: openscad-macos can't be built locally.

• If/when GCC gets randomly killed, give docker more RAM (e.g. 4GB per concurrent image you plan to run)

• To debug the jobs more interactively, you can go the manual route (inspect .circleci/config.yml to get the actual docker image you need)

  docker run --entrypoint=/bin/bash -it openscad/mxe-x86_64-gui:latest
  

  Then once you get the console:

  git clone https://github.com/%your username%/openscad.git workspace
  cd workspace
  git checkout %your branch%
  git submodule init
  git submodule update
  
  # Then execute the commands from .circleci/config.yml:
  #    export NUMCPU=2
  #    ...
  #    ./scripts/release-common.sh -snapshot -mingw64 -v "$OPENSCAD_VERSION"