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Ruby implementation of GraphQL

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A reference implementation of GraphQL for JavaScript

🌍  Spec-compliant and production ready JavaScript GraphQL server that lets you develop in a schema-first way. Built for Express, Connect, Hapi, Koa, and more.

GraphQL framework for Python

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GraphQL (TypeScript) module for Nest framework (node.js) 🍷

The GraphQL toolkit for Elixir

Quick Overview

GraphQL-Ruby is a Ruby implementation of the GraphQL specification. It provides a robust framework for building GraphQL APIs in Ruby applications, allowing developers to define schemas, types, and resolvers to create flexible and efficient APIs.

Pros

  • Extensive documentation and community support
  • Seamless integration with Ruby on Rails
  • Supports advanced features like subscriptions and batching
  • Flexible and customizable, allowing for complex schema designs

Cons

  • Learning curve for developers new to GraphQL
  • Performance can be a concern for complex queries without proper optimization
  • Limited built-in caching mechanisms
  • Requires careful design to avoid N+1 query problems

Code Examples

  1. Defining a simple GraphQL type:
class Types::UserType < Types::BaseObject
  field :id, ID, null: false
  field :name, String, null: false
  field :email, String, null: false
  field :posts, [Types::PostType], null: true
end
  1. Creating a query resolver:
module Queries
  class FetchUser < Queries::BaseQuery
    argument :id, ID, required: true

    type Types::UserType, null: false

    def resolve(id:)
      User.find(id)
    end
  end
end
  1. Defining a mutation:
module Mutations
  class CreatePost < Mutations::BaseMutation
    argument :title, String, required: true
    argument :content, String, required: true

    field :post, Types::PostType, null: true
    field :errors, [String], null: false

    def resolve(title:, content:)
      post = Post.new(title: title, content: content)
      if post.save
        { post: post, errors: [] }
      else
        { post: nil, errors: post.errors.full_messages }
      end
    end
  end
end

Getting Started

  1. Add to your Gemfile:

    gem 'graphql'
    
  2. Install the gem:

    bundle install
    
  3. Generate GraphQL files:

    rails generate graphql:install
    
  4. Define your schema in app/graphql/types/query_type.rb:

    module Types
      class QueryType < Types::BaseObject
        field :hello, String, null: false
        
        def hello
          "Hello World!"
        end
      end
    end
    
  5. Start your Rails server and visit /graphiql to interact with your GraphQL API.

Competitor Comparisons

A reference implementation of GraphQL for JavaScript

Pros of graphql-js

  • Larger community and more extensive ecosystem
  • Official reference implementation, ensuring up-to-date support for GraphQL specifications
  • Better performance for high-load applications due to JavaScript's non-blocking nature

Cons of graphql-js

  • Steeper learning curve for developers not familiar with JavaScript
  • Less integrated with Ruby on Rails ecosystem
  • Requires additional setup for server-side rendering in Ruby-based applications

Code Comparison

graphql-js:

const schema = new GraphQLSchema({
  query: new GraphQLObjectType({
    name: 'RootQueryType',
    fields: {
      hello: {
        type: GraphQLString,
        resolve() {
          return 'Hello, World!';
        },
      },
    },
  }),
});

graphql-ruby:

class QueryType < GraphQL::Schema::Object
  field :hello, String, null: false

  def hello
    "Hello, World!"
  end
end

class Schema < GraphQL::Schema
  query QueryType
end

Both implementations define a simple GraphQL schema with a "hello" query that returns a string. The graphql-js version uses a more functional approach, while graphql-ruby leverages Ruby's object-oriented nature for a more declarative syntax.

🌍  Spec-compliant and production ready JavaScript GraphQL server that lets you develop in a schema-first way. Built for Express, Connect, Hapi, Koa, and more.

Pros of Apollo Server

  • More extensive ecosystem with additional tools and integrations
  • Better support for real-time subscriptions and data fetching optimizations
  • Larger community and more frequent updates

Cons of Apollo Server

  • Steeper learning curve, especially for complex setups
  • Heavier dependency footprint compared to GraphQL Ruby
  • Some features require additional Apollo-specific packages

Code Comparison

Apollo Server:

const { ApolloServer } = require('apollo-server');
const typeDefs = gql`
  type Query {
    hello: String
  }
`;
const resolvers = {
  Query: {
    hello: () => 'Hello world!',
  },
};
const server = new ApolloServer({ typeDefs, resolvers });

GraphQL Ruby:

class QueryType < GraphQL::Schema::Object
  field :hello, String, null: false
  def hello
    "Hello world!"
  end
end

class Schema < GraphQL::Schema
  query QueryType
end

Both Apollo Server and GraphQL Ruby are popular choices for implementing GraphQL APIs, each with its own strengths. Apollo Server offers a more comprehensive ecosystem and better real-time capabilities, while GraphQL Ruby provides a simpler, lightweight solution that integrates well with Ruby on Rails applications. The choice between the two often depends on the specific project requirements and the development team's expertise.

GraphQL framework for Python

Pros of Graphene

  • More flexible schema definition with Python classes
  • Better integration with popular Python web frameworks (Django, Flask)
  • Supports asynchronous execution with asyncio

Cons of Graphene

  • Less mature and smaller community compared to graphql-ruby
  • Documentation can be less comprehensive in some areas
  • Fewer built-in tools for performance optimization

Code Comparison

Graphene (Python):

import graphene

class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
    hello = graphene.String(name=graphene.String(default_value="World"))

    def resolve_hello(self, info, name):
        return f"Hello {name}"

schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)

graphql-ruby (Ruby):

class QueryType < GraphQL::Schema::Object
  field :hello, String, null: false do
    argument :name, String, required: false, default_value: "World"
  end

  def hello(name:)
    "Hello #{name}"
  end
end

schema = GraphQL::Schema.define do
  query QueryType
end

Both libraries provide similar functionality for defining GraphQL schemas and resolvers. Graphene uses Python classes and decorators, while graphql-ruby uses Ruby classes and methods. The syntax differences reflect the respective language conventions, but the overall structure and concepts remain similar.

1,450

GraphQL (TypeScript) module for Nest framework (node.js) 🍷

Pros of NestJS GraphQL

  • Built on TypeScript, offering strong typing and better developer experience
  • Seamless integration with NestJS ecosystem, providing a full-featured framework
  • Automatic schema generation from TypeScript classes and decorators

Cons of NestJS GraphQL

  • Steeper learning curve due to NestJS architecture and decorators
  • Less flexible for non-NestJS projects or those not using TypeScript
  • Smaller community compared to GraphQL Ruby

Code Comparison

GraphQL Ruby:

class QueryType < GraphQL::Schema::Object
  field :user, UserType, null: true do
    argument :id, ID, required: true
  end

  def user(id:)
    User.find(id)
  end
end

NestJS GraphQL:

@Resolver(of => User)
export class UserResolver {
  @Query(returns => User, { nullable: true })
  async user(@Args('id', { type: () => ID }) id: string) {
    return await this.userService.findById(id);
  }
}

Additional Notes

GraphQL Ruby is more mature and has a larger community, making it easier to find resources and solutions. It's also more flexible for various Ruby-based projects. NestJS GraphQL, on the other hand, provides a more opinionated and structured approach, which can lead to faster development in TypeScript-based projects, especially those already using NestJS.

The GraphQL toolkit for Elixir

Pros of Absinthe

  • Built specifically for Elixir, leveraging its concurrency and fault-tolerance features
  • Seamless integration with Phoenix framework for real-time GraphQL subscriptions
  • Powerful schema definition DSL that feels natural in Elixir

Cons of Absinthe

  • Smaller community and ecosystem compared to graphql-ruby
  • Limited resources and learning materials outside of official documentation
  • Steeper learning curve for developers not familiar with Elixir

Code Comparison

Absinthe schema definition:

defmodule MyAppWeb.Schema do
  use Absinthe.Schema

  query do
    field :hello, :string do
      resolve fn _, _, _ -> {:ok, "Hello, world!"} end
    end
  end
end

graphql-ruby schema definition:

class MySchema < GraphQL::Schema
  query(Types::QueryType)
end

class Types::QueryType < GraphQL::Schema::Object
  field :hello, String, null: false
  def hello
    "Hello, world!"
  end
end

Both libraries offer robust GraphQL implementations, but Absinthe is tailored for Elixir's ecosystem, while graphql-ruby provides a more Ruby-idiomatic approach. The choice between them often depends on the project's language and framework preferences.

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README

graphql graphql-ruby

CI Suite Gem Version

A Ruby implementation of GraphQL.

Installation

Install from RubyGems by adding it to your Gemfile, then bundling.

# Gemfile
gem 'graphql'
$ bundle install

Getting Started

$ rails generate graphql:install

After this, you may need to run bundle install again, as by default graphiql-rails is added on installation.

Or, see "Getting Started".

Upgrade

I also sell GraphQL::Pro which provides several features on top of the GraphQL runtime, including:

Besides that, Pro customers get email support and an opportunity to support graphql-ruby's development!

Goals

  • Implement the GraphQL spec & support a Relay front end
  • Provide idiomatic, plain-Ruby API with similarities to reference implementation where possible
  • Support Ruby on Rails and Relay

Getting Involved

  • Say hi & ask questions in the #graphql-ruby channel on Discord.
  • Report bugs by posting a description, full stack trace, and all relevant code in a GitHub issue.
  • Start hacking with the Development guide.