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symfony logodotenv

Registers environment variables from a .env file

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phpdotenv

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Loads environment variables from `.env` to `getenv()`, `$_ENV` and `$_SERVER` automagically.

phpseclib's avatar

phpseclib

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PHP Secure Communications Library

Quick Overview

Symfony/dotenv is a PHP library that loads environment variables from a .env file into PHP's $_ENV and $_SERVER superglobals. It's part of the Symfony framework but can be used independently, providing a simple way to manage configuration settings across different environments.

Pros

  • Easy to use and integrate into existing PHP projects
  • Supports multiple .env file formats and overrides
  • Secure by default, preventing accidental commit of sensitive information
  • Compatible with other popular PHP frameworks and libraries

Cons

  • Limited functionality compared to more comprehensive configuration management solutions
  • Requires manual management of .env files across different environments
  • May introduce complexity in larger projects with numerous environment variables
  • Potential security risks if .env files are not properly secured

Code Examples

Loading environment variables:

use Symfony\Component\Dotenv\Dotenv;

$dotenv = new Dotenv();
$dotenv->load(__DIR__.'/.env');

// Access environment variables
$databaseUrl = $_ENV['DATABASE_URL'];

Loading multiple .env files:

$dotenv = new Dotenv();
$dotenv->loadEnv(__DIR__.'/.env');

// This will load .env, then .env.local, .env.$APP_ENV, and .env.$APP_ENV.local

Overriding existing environment variables:

$dotenv = new Dotenv();
$dotenv->overload(__DIR__.'/.env.test');

// This will override any existing environment variables with values from .env.test

Getting Started

  1. Install the library using Composer:
composer require symfony/dotenv
  1. Create a .env file in your project root:
DATABASE_URL="mysql://db_user:db_password@127.0.0.1:3306/db_name"
APP_ENV=dev
  1. Load the environment variables in your PHP script:
require __DIR__.'/vendor/autoload.php';

use Symfony\Component\Dotenv\Dotenv;

$dotenv = new Dotenv();
$dotenv->load(__DIR__.'/.env');

// Now you can use $_ENV or $_SERVER to access your environment variables
echo $_ENV['DATABASE_URL'];

Competitor Comparisons

vlucas logo

phpdotenv

13,088

Loads environment variables from `.env` to `getenv()`, `$_ENV` and `$_SERVER` automagically.

Pros of phpdotenv

  • More extensive feature set, including variable overwriting and nested variables
  • Built-in validation for required variables
  • Supports loading multiple .env files

Cons of phpdotenv

  • Slightly more complex API compared to symfony/dotenv
  • May have a higher performance overhead due to additional features

Code Comparison

phpdotenv:

$dotenv = Dotenv\Dotenv::createImmutable(__DIR__);
$dotenv->load();
$dotenv->required(['DB_HOST', 'DB_NAME'])->notEmpty();

symfony/dotenv:

use Symfony\Component\Dotenv\Dotenv;

$dotenv = new Dotenv();
$dotenv->load(__DIR__.'/.env');

Summary

Both phpdotenv and symfony/dotenv are popular libraries for loading environment variables from .env files in PHP applications. phpdotenv offers a more feature-rich solution with built-in validation and support for multiple .env files, while symfony/dotenv provides a simpler, more straightforward API. The choice between the two depends on the specific needs of your project, with phpdotenv being better suited for more complex configurations and symfony/dotenv for simpler use cases or when integrating with other Symfony components.

phpseclib logo

phpseclib

5,330

PHP Secure Communications Library

Pros of phpseclib

  • Comprehensive cryptography library with support for various algorithms and protocols
  • Pure PHP implementation, ensuring cross-platform compatibility
  • Extensive documentation and active community support

Cons of phpseclib

  • Larger codebase and potentially higher resource usage
  • May be overkill for simple environment variable management
  • Steeper learning curve due to its broad feature set

Code Comparison

phpseclib (RSA encryption example):

use phpseclib3\Crypt\RSA;

$privateKey = RSA::createKey();
$publicKey = $privateKey->getPublicKey();
$plaintext = 'Hello, World!';
$ciphertext = $publicKey->encrypt($plaintext);

symfony/dotenv (Loading environment variables):

use Symfony\Component\Dotenv\Dotenv;

$dotenv = new Dotenv();
$dotenv->load(__DIR__.'/.env');
$value = $_ENV['VARIABLE_NAME'];

Summary

phpseclib is a comprehensive cryptography library offering a wide range of security-related functionalities, while symfony/dotenv focuses specifically on managing environment variables. phpseclib provides more extensive features for encryption and secure communication but may be excessive for simple configuration management. symfony/dotenv, on the other hand, offers a lightweight solution for handling environment variables in PHP applications, making it more suitable for projects that don't require advanced cryptographic operations.

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README

Dotenv Component

Symfony Dotenv parses .env files to make environment variables stored in them accessible via $_SERVER or $_ENV.

Getting Started

composer require symfony/dotenv

use Symfony\Component\Dotenv\Dotenv;

$dotenv = new Dotenv();
$dotenv->load(__DIR__.'/.env');

// you can also load several files
$dotenv->load(__DIR__.'/.env', __DIR__.'/.env.dev');

// overwrites existing env variables
$dotenv->overload(__DIR__.'/.env');

// loads .env, .env.local, and .env.$APP_ENV.local or .env.$APP_ENV
$dotenv->loadEnv(__DIR__.'/.env');

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