cherrypy

Pros of Flask

• Simplicity: Flask is known for its simplicity and ease of use, making it a great choice for small to medium-sized web applications.
• Flexibility: Flask is a micro-framework, which means it has a small core and allows developers to choose their own tools and libraries, providing more flexibility.
• Extensive Ecosystem: The Flask ecosystem is rich with a wide range of third-party extensions, making it easy to add functionality to your application.

Cons of Flask

• Limited Scalability: As a micro-framework, Flask may not be the best choice for large-scale, complex web applications that require more robust features and performance.
• Lack of Opinionated Structure: The lack of an opinionated structure in Flask can be both a pro and a con, as it requires developers to make more decisions about the project's architecture.

Code Comparison

Flask:

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return 'Hello, World!'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

CherryPy:

import cherrypy

class HelloWorld(object):
    @cherrypy.expose
    def index(self):
        return "Hello, world!"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    cherrypy.quickstart(HelloWorld())

Both examples demonstrate a simple "Hello, World!" application, but the approach differs. Flask uses a more declarative style with the @app.route decorator, while CherryPy uses a class-based approach with the @cherrypy.expose decorator.

Pros of Django

• Comprehensive web framework with built-in features like ORM, admin interface, and templating engine
• Large and active community with extensive documentation and third-party packages
• Emphasis on rapid development and "batteries included" philosophy

Cons of Django

• Steeper learning curve compared to lightweight frameworks like CherryPy
• Monolithic architecture can make it harder to scale individual components
• May be overkill for smaller projects that don't require all of Django's features

Code Comparison

CherryPy (5 lines):

import cherrypy

class HelloWorld(object):
    @cherrypy.expose
    def index(self):
        return "Hello, world!"

cherrypy.quickstart(HelloWorld())

Django (5 lines):

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.urls import path

def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello, world!")

urlpatterns = [path('', index)]

Pros of Tornado

• Tornado is a high-performance web framework that is designed to handle large-scale, real-time web applications.
• It provides a non-blocking I/O model, which allows it to handle a large number of concurrent connections efficiently.
• Tornado has built-in support for WebSockets, which makes it a good choice for building real-time, bidirectional communication applications.

Cons of Tornado

• Tornado has a steeper learning curve compared to CherryPy, as it requires a deeper understanding of asynchronous programming concepts.
• The Tornado community is smaller than the CherryPy community, which may make it harder to find resources and support.
• Tornado's focus on high-performance and real-time applications may make it overkill for simpler web applications.

Code Comparison

CherryPy:

import cherrypy

class HelloWorld(object):
    @cherrypy.expose
    def index(self):
        return "Hello, World!"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    cherrypy.quickstart(HelloWorld())

Tornado:

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web

class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        self.write("Hello, world")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/", MainHandler),
    ])
    app.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()

Pros of Starlette

• Starlette is a modern, asynchronous web framework that is designed to be fast and efficient, making it a good choice for building high-performance web applications.
• Starlette has a modular design, which allows developers to easily integrate it with other libraries and frameworks, such as FastAPI and Pydantic.
• Starlette provides a range of built-in features, such as middleware, routing, and testing utilities, which can help developers save time and effort.

Cons of Starlette

• Starlette is a relatively new framework, and as such, it may have a smaller community and fewer resources available compared to more established frameworks like CherryPy.
• Starlette's asynchronous nature may be more complex to understand and work with, especially for developers who are more familiar with traditional synchronous web frameworks.
• Starlette may have a steeper learning curve compared to CherryPy, as it requires a deeper understanding of asynchronous programming concepts.

Code Comparison

CherryPy (Python):

import cherrypy

class HelloWorld(object):
    @cherrypy.expose
    def index(self):
        return "Hello, world!"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    cherrypy.quickstart(HelloWorld())

Starlette (Python):

from starlette.applications import Starlette
from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse

app = Starlette()

@app.route("/")
async def homepage(request):
    return HTMLResponse("<h1>Hello, world!</h1>")

Pros of FastAPI

• FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python, based on standard Python type hints.
• It provides automatic API documentation generation using Swagger/OpenAPI, making it easy to document and share your API.
• FastAPI has built-in support for asynchronous programming, allowing for efficient handling of concurrent requests.

Cons of FastAPI

• FastAPI is a relatively new framework, with a smaller community and ecosystem compared to more established options like CherryPy.
• The learning curve for FastAPI may be steeper, especially for developers unfamiliar with modern Python features like type hints.
• FastAPI's focus on API development may not be as suitable for building traditional web applications as CherryPy.

Code Comparison

CherryPy (basic server setup):

import cherrypy

class HelloWorld(object):
    @cherrypy.expose
    def index(self):
        return "Hello, world!"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    cherrypy.quickstart(HelloWorld())

FastAPI (basic server setup):

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()

@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}

Pros of Pyramid

• Pyramid provides a more comprehensive and opinionated web framework, with built-in support for features like URL generation, templating, and database integration.
• Pyramid has a larger and more active community, with more third-party packages and resources available.
• Pyramid's documentation is generally considered to be more extensive and user-friendly.

Cons of Pyramid

• Pyramid has a steeper learning curve compared to CherryPy, especially for developers new to web development.
• Pyramid may be overkill for smaller, simpler web applications that don't require the full set of features it provides.

Code Comparison

CherryPy:

import cherrypy

class HelloWorld(object):
    @cherrypy.expose
    def index(self):
        return "Hello, world!"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    cherrypy.quickstart(HelloWorld())

Pyramid:

from pyramid.config import Configurator
from pyramid.response import Response

def hello_world(request):
    return Response('Hello, world!')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with Configurator() as config:
        config.add_route('hello', '/')
        config.add_view(hello_world, route_name='hello')
        app = config.make_wsgi_app()