Pros of Drupal

• More robust and scalable for large, complex websites
• Stronger security features and regular security updates
• More flexible content modeling and taxonomy system

Cons of Drupal

• Steeper learning curve for developers and content managers
• Generally requires more server resources
• Less intuitive admin interface for non-technical users

Code Comparison

Drupal (hook implementation):

function mymodule_node_view($node, $view_mode, $langcode) {
  // Alter node display
  $node->content['my_additional_field'] = [
    '#markup' => t('Additional content'),
    '#weight' => 10,
  ];
}

Joomla (plugin event):

public function onContentPrepare($context, &$article, &$params, $page = 0)
{
    // Modify article content
    $article->text .= '<p>Additional content</p>';
}

Both CMSs use hooks/events for extending functionality, but Drupal's system is generally more comprehensive and flexible. Joomla's approach is often simpler for basic modifications. Drupal's code tends to be more modular and object-oriented, while Joomla follows a more traditional procedural style in many areas.

Pros of WordPress

• Larger community and ecosystem, with more themes and plugins available
• Generally easier to use for non-technical users
• More extensive documentation and learning resources

Cons of WordPress

• Can be more vulnerable to security issues due to its popularity
• Performance can suffer with excessive plugins or poorly optimized themes
• Less flexibility for developers compared to Joomla's MVC architecture

Code Comparison

WordPress typically uses a template-based approach:

<?php
get_header();
while (have_posts()) :
    the_post();
    get_template_part('content', get_post_format());
endwhile;
get_footer();
?>

Joomla uses a component-based structure:

<?php
defined('_JEXEC') or die;
use Joomla\CMS\Factory;

$app = Factory::getApplication();
$params = $app->getParams();

$document = Factory::getDocument();
$document->setTitle($params->get('page_title', ''));
?>

Both CMSs have their strengths, with WordPress focusing on user-friendliness and Joomla offering more developer flexibility. WordPress's larger ecosystem makes it easier to find solutions, while Joomla's architecture provides better separation of concerns for complex projects.

Pros of Magento 2

• More robust e-commerce features and scalability for large online stores
• Stronger support for multi-store and multi-language setups
• Advanced product management and inventory control capabilities

Cons of Magento 2

• Steeper learning curve and more complex setup process
• Higher resource requirements, potentially leading to slower performance
• More expensive to develop and maintain, especially for smaller businesses

Code Comparison

Magento 2 (PHP):

<?php
namespace Magento\Catalog\Model;
class Product extends \Magento\Catalog\Model\AbstractModel
{
    // Product-specific logic
}

Joomla (PHP):

<?php
namespace Joomla\Component\Content\Site\Model;
use Joomla\CMS\Factory;
class ArticleModel extends ItemModel
{
    // Article-specific logic
}

Both projects use PHP and follow object-oriented programming principles. However, Magento 2's codebase is generally more complex and extensive, reflecting its focus on e-commerce functionality. Joomla's code structure is simpler, aligning with its content management system roots.

Magento 2 is better suited for large-scale e-commerce projects, while Joomla is more versatile for general-purpose websites and simpler online stores. The choice between them depends on the specific project requirements, budget, and development resources available.

Pros of PrestaShop

• More focused on e-commerce functionality out of the box
• Larger and more active community for e-commerce specific support
• Better integration with payment gateways and shipping providers

Cons of PrestaShop

• Less flexible for non-e-commerce websites
• Steeper learning curve for developers new to the platform
• More limited selection of themes and templates compared to Joomla

Code Comparison

PrestaShop (object-oriented approach):

class Product extends ObjectModel
{
    public $name;
    public $price;
    public $description;
    // ...
}

Joomla (MVC pattern):

class ContentModelArticle extends JModelItem
{
    protected function loadItem($pk)
    {
        // Load article data
    }
}

PrestaShop uses an object-oriented approach with models extending the ObjectModel class, while Joomla follows the MVC pattern with models extending JModelItem. PrestaShop's code structure is more tailored for e-commerce, whereas Joomla's is more generic and adaptable to various types of websites.

Pros of OpenCart

• Simpler and more lightweight, making it easier to set up and manage for small to medium-sized e-commerce stores
• Built-in multi-store functionality, allowing management of multiple shops from a single backend
• More focused on e-commerce features out-of-the-box, requiring fewer extensions for basic online store functionality

Cons of OpenCart

• Smaller community and fewer available extensions compared to Joomla's extensive ecosystem
• Less flexible for non-e-commerce websites or complex content management needs
• Limited built-in SEO features, often requiring additional extensions for optimal search engine optimization

Code Comparison

OpenCart (controller structure):

class ControllerProductCategory extends Controller {
    public function index() {
        $this->load->language('product/category');
        $this->load->model('catalog/category');
        // ... more code ...
    }
}

Joomla (component structure):

class ProductViewCategory extends JViewLegacy {
    public function display($tpl = null) {
        $model = $this->getModel();
        $items = $model->getItems();
        $this->assignRef('items', $items);
        // ... more code ...
    }
}

Both projects use MVC architecture, but OpenCart's structure is more streamlined for e-commerce functionality, while Joomla's component system offers greater flexibility for various types of web applications.

Pros of TYPO3

• More extensive enterprise-level features and scalability
• Stronger support for multilingual websites
• More flexible content element system with fluid templates

Cons of TYPO3

• Steeper learning curve for beginners
• Smaller community and ecosystem compared to Joomla
• Less out-of-the-box functionality, often requiring extensions

Code Comparison

TYPO3 (TypoScript):

page = PAGE
page.10 = CONTENT
page.10 {
    table = tt_content
    select.orderBy = sorting
    select.where = colPos=0
}

Joomla (PHP):

<?php
defined('_JEXEC') or die;
$app = JFactory::getApplication();
$menu = $app->getMenu()->getActive();
$pageclass = $menu->params->get('pageclass_sfx');
?>

TYPO3 uses TypoScript for configuration and templating, while Joomla primarily uses PHP for its templating system. TYPO3's approach offers more flexibility but can be more complex, whereas Joomla's approach is generally more straightforward for beginners.

Both CMSs are powerful and feature-rich, with TYPO3 excelling in enterprise scenarios and Joomla offering a more accessible platform for a wider range of users and project types.