Pros of Flask

• More extensive ecosystem with a wide range of extensions
• Better suited for larger, more complex applications
• Stronger community support and more frequent updates

Cons of Flask

• Slightly steeper learning curve for beginners
• More dependencies and potentially slower startup time
• Requires more configuration for simple applications

Code Comparison

Flask:

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello():
    return "Hello, World!"

Bottle:

from bottle import route, run

@route('/')
def hello():
    return "Hello, World!"

run(host='localhost', port=8080)

Both Flask and Bottle are lightweight Python web frameworks, but Flask offers more flexibility and features for larger projects. Bottle is simpler and has no dependencies, making it ideal for small applications or learning purposes. Flask's modular design allows for easy integration of extensions, while Bottle's single-file approach keeps things minimal. Flask's routing is more powerful, supporting various HTTP methods and URL parameters more easily. Bottle's performance can be slightly better for simple tasks due to its minimalistic nature. Ultimately, the choice between Flask and Bottle depends on the project's complexity and the developer's preferences.

Pros of Django

• More comprehensive framework with built-in admin interface, ORM, and authentication system
• Larger ecosystem with extensive third-party packages and plugins
• Better suited for large, complex applications with multiple developers

Cons of Django

• Steeper learning curve due to its larger codebase and more complex architecture
• Heavier and potentially slower for simple applications or microservices
• More opinionated, which can limit flexibility in some cases

Code Comparison

Django:

from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.urls import path

def hello(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello, World!")

urlpatterns = [
    path('hello/', hello),
]

Bottle:

from bottle import route, run

@route('/hello')
def hello():
    return "Hello, World!"

run(host='localhost', port=8080)

Both frameworks allow for easy routing and handling of HTTP requests, but Django requires more boilerplate code and configuration. Bottle's simplicity is evident in its more concise syntax and built-in development server. However, Django's structure provides better organization for larger projects and includes additional features out of the box.

Pros of FastAPI

• Built-in support for asynchronous programming
• Automatic API documentation with Swagger UI and ReDoc
• Type hints and data validation using Pydantic models

Cons of FastAPI

• Steeper learning curve for beginners
• Larger dependency footprint (requires Starlette and Pydantic)
• Potentially slower for simple applications due to additional features

Code Comparison

FastAPI:

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()

@app.get("/")
async def root():
    return {"message": "Hello World"}

Bottle:

from bottle import Bottle, run

app = Bottle()

@app.route('/')
def hello():
    return {"message": "Hello World"}

run(app, host='localhost', port=8080)

Summary

FastAPI offers more advanced features and better support for modern Python practices, while Bottle remains a lightweight and simple option. FastAPI excels in larger, more complex projects, whereas Bottle may be preferable for smaller, straightforward applications. The choice between the two depends on project requirements, developer experience, and performance needs.

Pros of Tornado

• Asynchronous networking library, ideal for handling many concurrent connections
• Built-in support for WebSockets and long polling
• More comprehensive feature set, including authentication and templating

Cons of Tornado

• Steeper learning curve due to its asynchronous nature
• Heavier and more complex than Bottle
• May be overkill for simple web applications

Code Comparison

Tornado:

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web

class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        self.write("Hello, World!")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    application = tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/", MainHandler),
    ])
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()

Bottle:

from bottle import route, run

@route('/')
def hello():
    return "Hello World!"

run(host='localhost', port=8080)

Tornado's code is more verbose but offers greater flexibility for complex applications. Bottle's syntax is simpler and more straightforward, making it easier for beginners or small projects. Tornado's asynchronous nature is evident in its code structure, while Bottle's routing is more concise.

Pros of CherryPy

• More feature-rich and full-featured web framework
• Built-in tools for sessions, authentication, caching, etc.
• Better suited for larger, more complex web applications

Cons of CherryPy

• Steeper learning curve compared to Bottle's simplicity
• More dependencies and overhead
• Can be overkill for small, simple projects

Code Comparison

Bottle example:

from bottle import route, run

@route('/hello/<name>')
def index(name):
    return f'Hello {name}!'

run(host='localhost', port=8080)

CherryPy example:

import cherrypy

class HelloWorld:
    @cherrypy.expose
    def index(self, name):
        return f'Hello {name}!'

cherrypy.quickstart(HelloWorld())

Both frameworks offer simple routing and request handling, but CherryPy uses a class-based approach while Bottle uses function decorators. CherryPy provides more built-in functionality out of the box, while Bottle aims for simplicity and minimal dependencies. Choose Bottle for lightweight, single-file applications, and CherryPy for more complex projects requiring additional features and scalability.

Pros of Pyramid

• More comprehensive and feature-rich framework
• Better suited for large, complex applications
• Extensive documentation and community support

Cons of Pyramid

• Steeper learning curve
• Heavier and more complex setup
• Potentially overkill for small projects

Code Comparison

Bottle:

from bottle import route, run

@route('/hello/<name>')
def index(name):
    return f'Hello {name}!'

run(host='localhost', port=8080)

Pyramid:

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server
from pyramid.config import Configurator
from pyramid.response import Response

def hello_world(request):
    return Response('Hello World!')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with Configurator() as config:
        config.add_route('hello', '/')
        config.add_view(hello_world, route_name='hello')
        app = config.make_wsgi_app()
    server = make_server('0.0.0.0', 6543, app)
    server.serve_forever()

Bottle is a lightweight, single-file module with a simple syntax, making it ideal for small projects and quick prototyping. Pyramid, on the other hand, offers a more structured approach with built-in features like authentication and database integration, making it suitable for larger, more complex applications. While Bottle's simplicity allows for rapid development, Pyramid's extensibility and scalability make it a better choice for long-term, enterprise-level projects.