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The Swift Programming Language

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Top Related Projects

67,285

The Swift Programming Language

This maintains proposals for changes and user-visible enhancements to the Swift Programming Language.

The Package Manager for the Swift Programming Language

18,578

A tool to enforce Swift style and conventions.

24,294

💧 A server-side Swift HTTP web framework.

40,982

Elegant HTTP Networking in Swift

Quick Overview

Swift is a powerful and intuitive programming language developed by Apple for iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS app development. It's designed to be fast, safe, and expressive, offering modern features while maintaining compatibility with Objective-C.

Pros

  • Strong type inference and optionals for safer code
  • Concise and expressive syntax, reducing boilerplate
  • Performance optimizations and memory safety features
  • Open-source with a growing community and ecosystem

Cons

  • Limited use outside of Apple platforms (though improving)
  • Frequent language changes and updates can be challenging to keep up with
  • Smaller talent pool compared to more established languages
  • Some advanced features have a steeper learning curve

Code Examples

  1. Basic function and string interpolation:
func greet(name: String) -> String {
    return "Hello, \(name)!"
}
print(greet(name: "World"))
  1. Optional handling with if-let:
let possibleNumber = "123"
if let actualNumber = Int(possibleNumber) {
    print("The string \"\(possibleNumber)\" has an integer value of \(actualNumber)")
} else {
    print("\"\(possibleNumber)\" could not be converted to an integer")
}
  1. Closure example:
let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
let squared = numbers.map { $0 * $0 }
print(squared) // [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

Getting Started

To get started with Swift development:

  1. Install Xcode from the Mac App Store (for macOS development)
  2. Create a new Swift project in Xcode
  3. Write your first Swift code:
import Foundation

print("Hello, Swift!")

let name = "Developer"
let age = 25

if age >= 18 {
    print("\(name) is an adult.")
} else {
    print("\(name) is a minor.")
}
  1. Build and run your project to see the output

For development on other platforms, visit swift.org for installation instructions and toolchain downloads.

Competitor Comparisons

67,285

The Swift Programming Language

Pros of swift

  • More active development and frequent updates
  • Larger community and contributor base
  • Comprehensive documentation and resources

Cons of swift

  • Potentially less stable due to frequent changes
  • Steeper learning curve for beginners
  • Larger codebase may be overwhelming for some developers

Code Comparison

swift:

import Foundation

@main
struct MyApp {
    static func main() {
        print("Hello, World!")
    }
}

swift:

import Foundation

print("Hello, World!")

Summary

Both swift repositories are related to the Swift programming language, but they serve different purposes. The main swift repository is the official Swift language project, while the other swift repository appears to be a fork or alternative implementation.

The official swift repository offers more comprehensive features, active development, and a larger community. However, it may be more complex for beginners and subject to frequent changes. The alternative swift repository might provide a simpler or more specialized implementation, but with potentially fewer features and less community support.

Developers should choose between the repositories based on their specific needs, experience level, and project requirements.

This maintains proposals for changes and user-visible enhancements to the Swift Programming Language.

Pros of swift-evolution

  • Focused on language evolution proposals and discussions
  • More accessible for community involvement in Swift's development
  • Provides a clear roadmap for future Swift features and changes

Cons of swift-evolution

  • Doesn't contain the actual Swift compiler or standard library code
  • May not be as frequently updated as the main Swift repository
  • Limited to proposal discussions, not implementation details

Code comparison

swift:

public struct Array<Element> {
    public init()
    public init(repeating repeatedValue: Element, count: Int)
    public var count: Int { get }
    public var isEmpty: Bool { get }
    public subscript(index: Int) -> Element
}

swift-evolution:

# Proposal: Add `Array.removeAll(where:)` method

## Introduction

This proposal suggests adding a new method to `Array` that removes all elements satisfying a given predicate.

## Proposed solution

We propose adding the following method to `Array`:

```swift
extension Array {
    @discardableResult
    mutating func removeAll(where predicate: (Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> [Element]
}

The swift repository contains the actual implementation of the Swift programming language, including the compiler and standard library. In contrast, swift-evolution focuses on proposals for language changes and improvements, facilitating community discussions and planning for Swift's future development.

The Package Manager for the Swift Programming Language

Pros of swift-package-manager

  • Focused specifically on package management, making it more lightweight and easier to use for dependency management
  • Provides a command-line interface for creating, building, and testing Swift packages
  • Integrates seamlessly with Swift projects and the Swift build system

Cons of swift-package-manager

  • Limited in scope compared to the full Swift language repository
  • May not include the latest Swift language features or improvements
  • Requires additional setup and configuration for more complex project structures

Code Comparison

swift:

public struct Array<Element> {
    public init()
    public init(repeating repeatedValue: Element, count: Int)
    public var count: Int { get }
    public var isEmpty: Bool { get }
}

swift-package-manager:

public struct Package {
    public init(name: String)
    public var name: String
    public var targets: [Target]
    public var dependencies: [Package.Dependency]
}

The swift repository contains core language implementations, while swift-package-manager focuses on package management structures and functionality.

18,578

A tool to enforce Swift style and conventions.

Pros of SwiftLint

  • Focused specifically on linting and code style enforcement for Swift
  • Easier to integrate into existing Swift projects as a standalone tool
  • More customizable rules and configuration options for Swift-specific style preferences

Cons of SwiftLint

  • Limited to linting and style checking, doesn't provide full language features
  • Requires separate installation and setup, not built into the Swift ecosystem
  • May have slower adoption of new Swift language features compared to the official Swift repository

Code Comparison

SwiftLint rule configuration:

disabled_rules:
  - trailing_whitespace
opt_in_rules:
  - empty_count
  - missing_docs

Swift compiler flag for similar style enforcement:

swiftc -warn-long-function-bodies=100 -warn-long-expression-type-checking=50

Summary

SwiftLint is a specialized tool for Swift code style enforcement, offering more customization and easier integration into existing projects. However, it lacks the comprehensive language support and rapid feature adoption of the official Swift repository. SwiftLint is ideal for teams wanting granular control over code style, while the Swift repository is better for those needing full language features and staying current with Swift evolution.

24,294

💧 A server-side Swift HTTP web framework.

Pros of Vapor

  • Focused on web development and server-side Swift, providing a more specialized framework for building web applications
  • Offers a complete ecosystem with ORM, templating, and routing out of the box
  • Faster development time for web projects due to its high-level abstractions and built-in features

Cons of Vapor

  • Limited to server-side development, unlike Swift which is a general-purpose language
  • Smaller community and ecosystem compared to Swift
  • Steeper learning curve for developers not familiar with server-side concepts

Code Comparison

Swift (general-purpose):

let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
let doubled = numbers.map { $0 * 2 }
print(doubled)

Vapor (web-focused):

app.get("hello") { req -> String in
    return "Hello, world!"
}

The Swift example demonstrates basic array manipulation, while the Vapor example shows a simple route handler for a web application.

40,982

Elegant HTTP Networking in Swift

Pros of Alamofire

  • Simplified and elegant API for network requests
  • Extensive features like request/response chaining and authentication
  • Active community and frequent updates

Cons of Alamofire

  • Limited to networking functionality
  • Adds an external dependency to projects
  • May have a learning curve for developers new to the library

Code Comparison

Swift (URLSession):

let url = URL(string: "https://api.example.com/data")!
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) { (data, response, error) in
    // Handle response
}
task.resume()

Alamofire:

AF.request("https://api.example.com/data").responseJSON { response in
    switch response.result {
    case .success(let value):
        print("Success: \(value)")
    case .failure(let error):
        print("Error: \(error)")
    }
}

Summary

Swift is the core programming language for Apple platforms, while Alamofire is a networking library built on top of Swift. Swift provides the foundation for iOS, macOS, and other Apple platform development, offering a wide range of capabilities beyond networking. Alamofire, on the other hand, focuses specifically on simplifying network requests and handling responses.

Alamofire offers a more concise and readable syntax for network operations compared to Swift's URLSession. However, it introduces an external dependency and may not be necessary for simpler projects or those with minimal networking requirements.

Ultimately, the choice between using Swift's built-in networking capabilities and Alamofire depends on the project's complexity, team preferences, and specific networking needs.

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README

Swift logo

Swift Programming Language

ArchitectureBuild
macOSx86_64Build Status
Ubuntu 20.04x86_64Build Status
Ubuntu 20.04AArch64Build Status
Ubuntu 22.04x86_64Build Status
Ubuntu 22.04AArch64Build Status
Ubuntu 24.04x86_64Build Status
Ubuntu 24.04AArch64Build Status
Amazon Linux 2x86_64Build Status
Amazon Linux 2AArch64Build Status
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Debian 12x86_64Build Status
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Fedora 39x86_64Build Status
Fedora 39AArch64Build Status
Windows 10x86_64Build Status
Windows 10ARM64Build Status

Cross-Compilation Targets

TargetBuild
wasm32-unknown-wasiBuild Status

Swift Community-Hosted CI Platforms

OSArchitectureBuild
AndroidARMv7Build Status
AndroidAArch64Build Status
Windows 2019 (VS 2019)x86_64Build Status

Welcome to Swift

Swift is a high-performance system programming language. It has a clean and modern syntax, offers seamless access to existing C and Objective-C code and frameworks, and is memory-safe by default.

Although inspired by Objective-C and many other languages, Swift is not itself a C-derived language. As a complete and independent language, Swift packages core features like flow control, data structures, and functions, with high-level constructs like objects, protocols, closures, and generics. Swift embraces modules, eliminating the need for headers and the code duplication they entail.

To learn more about the programming language, visit swift.org.

Contributing to Swift

Contributions to Swift are welcomed and encouraged! Please see the Contributing to Swift guide.

Before submitting the pull request, please make sure you have tested your changes and that they follow the Swift project guidelines for contributing code.

To be a truly great community, Swift.org needs to welcome developers from all walks of life, with different backgrounds, and with a wide range of experience. A diverse and friendly community will have more great ideas, more unique perspectives, and produce more great code. We will work diligently to make the Swift community welcoming to everyone.

To give clarity of what is expected of our members, Swift has adopted the code of conduct defined by the Contributor Covenant. This document is used across many open source communities, and we think it articulates our values well. For more, see the Code of Conduct.

Getting Started

If you are interested in:

We also have an FAQ that answers common questions.

Swift Toolchains

Building

Swift toolchains are created using the script build-toolchain. This script is used by swift.org's CI to produce snapshots and can allow for one to locally reproduce such builds for development or distribution purposes. A typical invocation looks like the following:

  $ ./swift/utils/build-toolchain $BUNDLE_PREFIX

where $BUNDLE_PREFIX is a string that will be prepended to the build date to give the bundle identifier of the toolchain's Info.plist. For instance, if $BUNDLE_PREFIX was com.example, the toolchain produced will have the bundle identifier com.example.YYYYMMDD. It will be created in the directory you run the script with a filename of the form: swift-LOCAL-YYYY-MM-DD-a-osx.tar.gz.

Beyond building the toolchain, build-toolchain also supports the following (non-exhaustive) set of useful options:

  • --dry-run: Perform a dry run build. This is off by default.
  • --test: Test the toolchain after it has been compiled. This is off by default.
  • --distcc: Use distcc to speed up the build by distributing the C++ part of the swift build. This is off by default.
  • --sccache: Use sccache to speed up subsequent builds of the compiler by caching more C++ build artifacts. This is off by default.

More options may be added over time. Please pass --help to build-toolchain to see the full set of options.

Installing into Xcode

On macOS if one wants to install such a toolchain into Xcode:

  1. Untar and copy the toolchain to one of /Library/Developer/Toolchains/ or ~/Library/Developer/Toolchains/. E.g.:
  $ sudo tar -xzf swift-LOCAL-YYYY-MM-DD-a-osx.tar.gz -C /
  $ tar -xzf swift-LOCAL-YYYY-MM-DD-a-osx.tar.gz -C ~/

The script also generates an archive containing debug symbols which can be installed over the main archive allowing symbolication of any compiler crashes.

  $ sudo tar -xzf swift-LOCAL-YYYY-MM-DD-a-osx-symbols.tar.gz -C /
  $ tar -xzf swift-LOCAL-YYYY-MM-DD-a-osx-symbols.tar.gz -C ~/
  1. Specify the local toolchain for Xcode's use via Xcode->Toolchains.

Build Failures

Try the suggestions in Troubleshooting build issues.

Make sure you are using the correct release of Xcode.

If you have changed Xcode versions but still encounter errors that appear to be related to the Xcode version, try passing --clean to build-script.

When a new version of Xcode is released, you can update your build without recompiling the entire project by passing --reconfigure to build-script.

Learning More

Be sure to look at the documentation index for a bird's eye view of the available documentation. In particular, the documents titled Debugging the Swift Compiler and Continuous Integration for Swift are very helpful to understand before submitting your first PR.